Xixax Film Forum

Film Discussion => The Vault => Topic started by: wilder on January 19, 2016, 11:27:11 AM

Title: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on January 19, 2016, 11:27:11 AM
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A modern-day witch uses spells and magic to get men to fall in love with her, in a tribute to 1960s Technicolor thrillers. Elaine, a beautiful young witch, is determined to find a man to love her. In her gothic Victorian apartment she makes spells and potions, and then picks up men and seduces them. However her spells work too well, and she ends up with a string of hapless victims. When she finally meets the man of her dreams, her desperation to be loved will drive her to the brink of insanity and murder. THE LOVE WITCH explores female fantasy and the repercussions of pathological narcissism.

Written and Directed by Anna Biller (Viva (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWXwfeCpEv4))
Starring Samantha Robinson, Gian Keys, Laura Waddell, Jeffrey Vincent Parise, Jared Sanford, and Robert Seeley
Release Date - TBD, list of festival screenings below
Official Site (http://www.lifeofastar.com)
Press Kit (http://lifeofastar.com/lovewitchpresskit.pdf)




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This is my most anticipated release of 2016.


Festival Screenings - International Film Festival Rotterdam
-JAN, 31, 2016: 10:00 PM, PATHÉ 7
-FEB. 2, 2016: 8:30 PM, LANTARENVENSTER 3
-FEB. 4, 2016: 7:15 PM, PATHÉ 7

Purchase tickets here (https://iffr.com/en/faq/tickets)
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: matt35mm on January 19, 2016, 04:35:49 PM
This looks pretty great.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: polkablues on January 19, 2016, 05:40:23 PM
They've definitely nailed the aesthetic to an impressive degree. Tough to tell from the trailer if there's any real substance behind it, but it looks worth a shot.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on January 19, 2016, 05:57:26 PM
Check out Anna's blog (http://www.annabillersblog.blogspot.com/?view=sidebar) full of film criticism. How successful the finished movie is remains to be seen, but her intention is definitely to use genre and artifice as an entry point to deeper ideas.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: polkablues on January 19, 2016, 06:54:03 PM
Interesting. I read through her essay about horror films and misogyny, which is a specific topic I've given a lot of thought to, and I admire a lot of the points she makes. There are some areas I differ with her on (such as her apparent suggestion that women who find empowerment from viewing slasher films are essentially deluding themselves), and I think her impulse to lump together all films within the genre as a monolithic entity has the effect of sweeping aside the films that don't conform to her thesis, but it's a thoughtful and well-stated piece overall. Certainly raises my interest level in her film.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: polkablues on January 19, 2016, 06:55:54 PM
http://annabillersblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/love-witch.html

QuoteWhereas my last film VIVA was about sex and was therefore a comedy, THE LOVE WITCH is about love and is thus a tragedy.

I love this sentence. Interest level continues to rise.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on January 19, 2016, 07:03:04 PM
Hadn't read her post about the movie, going through it now...

Quote from: Anna BillerThe film is an attempt to create the feeling onscreen of heartbreak. In a sense, it's the mirror image of VIVA. In VIVA, women suffer as men have access to their deepest fantasies, in an actual historical phenomenon known as the sexual revolution. In THE LOVE WITCH, men suffer as women figure out how to get what they want – undying romantic love and commitment to the grave.

In addition to being a tragedy, it's also a horror movie. I think of it as a horror movie designed to scare men, in the sense that men are the victims and they are not empowered. But it will especially scare men in that it contains scenes of women talking together obsessively about love, in rarefied female environments.

That does sound horrifying.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on January 31, 2016, 03:52:29 AM
DP David Mullen detailed the cinematographic process for this film in a thread (http://www.cinematography.com/index.php?showtopic=67478) at the cinematography.com forums (be sure to make it to the second page)
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on April 16, 2016, 01:04:47 AM
Samantha Robinson, star of The Love Witch (http://annabillersblog.blogspot.com/2016/04/samantha-robinson-star-of-love-witch.html?view=classic)

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QuoteWe played also with her image, and she had great fun in dressing up in Victorian gowns and hats. She seemed at times to me like a little girl playing dress-up, so genuine was her delight in putting on all of the various frocks I created for her. She was both inside of herself and outside looking at herself, as most women are who have created an image of femininity for the world.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: matt35mm on April 30, 2016, 05:51:45 PM
Los Angeles folks: this will be playing at the Aero on June 11th.

http://www.americancinemathequecalendar.com/content/the-love-witch-0
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: matt35mm on June 11, 2016, 11:15:22 PM
Quote from: matt35mm on January 19, 2016, 04:35:49 PM
This looks pretty great.

This was, indeed, pretty great.

Very inspiring as far as a clear vision from a director, carried out in a way where you could feel the making of it (something I consider a positive... I love the intimacy of something that truly feels handmade), and not in a wink-wink way.

I feel like we live in a time where there are a lot of "good" independent films because they are primarily interested in being good, and the equipment and general knowledge is available to everyone to make it good. Good as in competent, and that competency is prioritized over really digging in and getting to that nugget of whatever it is that only that filmmaker could've/would've done.

This movie is more than competent, and also does the kind of digging in that only a super idiosyncratic filmmaker with zero interest in compromise and an admirable obsession with detail can achieve. It's what independent films should be.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on June 13, 2016, 05:13:26 PM
Anna Biller's short films, also on DVD (http://lifeofastar.com/store.html), are now available to rent/buy on Vimeo (https://vimeo.com/ondemand/annabillershorts)

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Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on August 10, 2016, 08:02:01 PM
The Love Witch – An Interview with Anna Biller
By Alexandra Heller-Nicholas
via fourthreefilm.com

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In her second feature film The Love Witch, multi-skilled filmmaker and all-round Renaissance woman Anna Biller—writer, director, producer, editor, production and costumer designer—proves on the back of 2007's Viva that she is very much an artist with a driving, defining vision. That this vision is both smart and fun makes the experience of watching her films not merely insightful but unambiguously delightful. The Love Witch is a film that is, in many ways, a lot smarter than its deliberately glossy, hyper-stylised surfaces might initially suggest, and this is an extraordinarily refreshing feeling when the opposite is sadly far more common. The Love Witch is the antidote to all those films with pompous, intellectual airs that collapse under the weight of their own smugness when scrutinised.

Growing up among what she has called the "ghosts" of Hollywood filmmaking in Los Angeles, the very materiality of cinema itself—the meat of it, the flesh of it—are central to Biller's filmmaking practice. Both The Love Witch and Viva were shot on 35mm, and her earlier shorts—A Visit from the Incubus (2001), The Hypnotist (2001) and her first film, Three Examples of Myself as Queen (1994)—were all shot on 16mm. This tangibility and tactility of film also manifests through the lush textures and colours: The Love Witch is a feast for the senses as much as the mind.

It is also very funny. Following the story of Elaine (Samantha Robinson), a 1960s-era witch who employs her craft to make herself irresistible to the opposite sex, the sweetness and sincerity of Robinson's performance render The Love Witch thoughtful, hilarious and, at times, tragic. A love letter to Technicolor and the vibrant aesthetics of the 1950s and 1960s, The Love Witch is the most charming feminist film manifesto of 2016.


As a starting point to those new to your work, The Love Witch is clearly the product of someone with a strong background in visual design. In terms of filmmaking, you are quite the Renaissance woman and have a lot of skills in your toolbox, so I'm fascinated to hear how they all coalesced in your practice. Can you tell me briefly what your background is?

My father is an artist—a painter. So I grew up looking at a lot of art books, and going to a lot of art galleries and museums. And my mother is a fashion designer, so I was always around beautiful fabrics and clothes. I also watched a lot of classic movies growing up, and was fascinated with production design and costumes. In school I did my studies in studio art, and only later in graduate school did I switch to film. I was making experimental art videos and small, handmade Super 8mm films where I'd build little sets and make costumes, and this naturally segued into making "film-films" for me.

Wearing so many (beautiful) hats during the production process with both Viva and The Love Witch, I would assume that the process would be less a traditional collaboration in terms of the major components (writing, directing, production design, editing, etc). When there's different people in all these roles, there are necessarily times that horns clash and opinions differ, but when it's just you, do you find the process challenging in other ways (aside from the sheer workload, of course)?

Working on my own during pre-production, sometimes it's hard to keep the motivation up when the actual physical work becomes too tedious or too demanding. And I'm constantly having new learning curves thrown in, as when, for this film, I had to learn to do left-handed calligraphy for the spell book, hook a rug, and compose for a period wind ensemble. Sewing in particular can get really exhausting. I wish I had an assistant to do hems and things, but my space is not large enough to accommodate two people and I only have one sewing machine.

Sometimes it feels inappropriate how labor-intensive the process is and I feel like Rapunzel sitting sadly in front of a pile of straw that I need to spin into gold, but then again all of this labor gives me time to keep reworking the themes and ideas in the film, which only makes it richer over time. I also would love to have assistants help me pick things I need, but that hasn't worked so far. Much of the time if I can't find a kind of fabric or furniture that was in my sketch, I come up with something totally different, but that still works with the fantasy themes I have in my head, which are quite specific. I have no way to explain any of that to an assistant.

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I'd like to talk to you a little about your influences: we very much crossed paths due to a shared love of European directors with a distinct visual style and thematic drive (Fassbinder, Borowczyk, Franco, Fulci, etc). I think we also share a real love of Classical Hollywood and the spaces filmmakers found to be subversive when working under the Hays code, when there was so much pressure to steer clear of controversy. How do you find in practice these influences—and others, of course—manifest in your own work? Are there any filmmakers or artists that have influenced you in other ways that do not necessarily seem as apparent in the kinds of films you make?

This is an interesting question. In terms of influences, a lot of people think I am pulling mostly from the '60s and '70s, when most of the time (except for Fassbinder and work from a few other key filmmakers) I am pulling from much earlier films. I love working within the limitations of codes and other strictures. I set my own limits on what I will or will not film. I never use profanity for instance, and I try never to make anything ugly, as if working within a studio system that would require such things. Yet unlike earlier filmmakers, I'm not doing it because I have to, but because I think it makes for better art. I think that when the censorship codes lifted in the late '60s everyone started to think that the more ugly, violent, or pornographic something was, the more cutting-edge it was, and we're still suffering somewhat under that mentality. I'm interested in culture much more than I am interested in the annihilation of culture, so in that sense I am out of time. The filmmakers that have influenced me the most that may not be apparent are Jacques Démy and Joseph Von Sternberg.

The word 'erotica' is an eternally fascinating one for me, as it is so culturally loaded—I think, with a lot of these Eurosleaze directors we're drawn to (Borowczyk, Franco, honorary Eurosleaze director Radley Metzger), there is something proudly 'pornographic' about them, but this word seems to actively deny the overwhelming artistry that drives their work. Sexuality is—to put it mildly—a centrepiece of your work that I'd like to talk to you about a little. What do you think is the difference between erotica and pornography? What marks the kind of sexually explicit (be it hard or softcore) work that you are drawn to as a spectator, and how does that influence the way you depict sexuality?

Well, the word pornography is pejorative in the sense that it refers to erotic content with no cultural value. Radley Metzger made hardcore films, but he was trying tell great literary stories and to make sex movies for couples, which was a social and human project, and he had a special interest in giving full agency and dimension to female characters. So I don't think you could say his films are pornographic even though they are hardcore. Catherine Breillat also makes hardcore films that are not pornographic, because they are academic—they are teaching the audience about female sexuality. In my view, if a film has no thematic, social, political, or cultural value, then it is pornographic. And this applies to both erotic and non-erotic films.

My project is aligned with Catherine Breillat's in that I am trying to teach about female sexuality, even in areas where it's uncomfortable or seems regressive—or, especially in those areas, because there are so many misunderstandings and stereotypes about women and sex. We know so much about male sexuality and so little about female sexuality. Sexuality after all is an extension of identity, so we need to see more films where women's sexuality isn't just an extension of male fantasy. People think my filmmaking is so bizarre in its ideas, and yet these ideas about female desire and fantasy have been well-known and studied by psychologists for decades—stuff about women being in love with their own image rather than wanting to look at a man, about getting turned on by the level of a man's desire or by the thought of being passively taken by a man, that kind of thing.

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Elaine is a fantastically complex character. From a post-feminist position, she's so easy at first to dismiss as a comic foil, a kind of Stepford Wife run amok and very much a part of the historical universe that your film is set in. But when considered more closely, I'm struck by how thoroughly likeable and sweet she is, and that she's not rendered villainous or objectionable because she drank the Stepford Wife Kool-Aid. I'm curious how you went about constructing Elaine in terms of her politics?

Part of the likeability of Elaine is due to Samantha Robinson's performance. She has a natural sweetness that comes through, and I encouraged her to be true to herself when playing the role. But the script is also sympathetic towards her. Elaine is coping with a history of abuse the best way she knows how. Everything and everyone in society has conspired to make her what she is, so she can't really be blamed for making the choices she makes. But she is also sociopathic, either from birth or through life experience or both. She is a psychologically realistic, dimensional character, who has been driven crazy just trying to negotiate her place as a woman in the world. I based her character on women I've known who have constructed a false self, a mask of beauty and subservience to men that they can't sustain, so the mask cracks after a while.

Elaine has internalized all of the male animus characters that have blocked her, judged her, and acted upon her in her life, from her father to her husband to the men we see in the film. So although Griff for instance is a romantic, handsome guy, he is also a judge, he refuses to love her, and he represents the law. I think women watching the film are going to viscerally respond to these judges and have sympathy for her struggle, because it's a struggle we all have with men in our lives.

In terms of the politics of creating a character: although I'm always thinking about politics when I construct a script as a whole, thinking about politics when constructing a character is deadly. It's why we have so many unrealistic female characters. Characters are people, and people are good and bad, and they don't neatly represent the ideals that screenwriters may wish to embody.

What remains unrelentingly fascinating about Elaine is despite her actions, she never becomes monstrous. Partially of course this is due to the light-hearted comic tone of the film, but it feels more than that to me: a kind of sympathy to her position, a vague sense memory that I had the same kind of training, and that it remains dormant somewhere in my brain. I had the experience watching the film that this was the case with Trish as well, that as grounded and as comparatively 'normal' as she is, there's a kind of buried level of cult programming that makes Elaine as irresistible conceptually to her as she is sexually to other men.

I do have sympathy for Elaine's position, because her beauty has taught her hard life lessons which never have to be learned by a man, and has made her the object of abuse by various men in her life. And of course all women are trained to be subservient, to value our looks and the ability to offer sex above anything else, and to not pursue our goals, if not directly than indirectly through the brutality of the culture. So in some twisted way Elaine can be admired because she has succeeded so well in playing the game, in a way that most women are unable to. She has made herself into everything a man could possibly want. But even Elaine can't do it in the end. Her dilemma—and the dilemma of many women—is that in order to get love from a man, she has to allow herself to be swallowed up in him, and to lose her reflection in the mirror. Men can't see who she is, even when they've drunk her potion. All they can see is their own desire, their own lust, their own suffering. So love makes them not more attached to her, but more self-centered.

As for Trish, she is fascinated with Elaine's image, and then becomes fascinated with her own image in the mirror. Trish sees the intactness of Elaine's "beautiful" image as a sort of bravery in standing out and being different that she's never been able to muster, and she feels empowered when she tries to emulate it. Because you know, that's another sort of trap women can fall into—the fear of looking sexy because of being disrespected or of making oneself too different from a man. Elaine establishes herself as utterly feminine and distinct from a man and finds strength in that. So there is a double meaning to her mask of beauty: on the one hand it's a sign of submission to male desire, and on the other hand it's a costume that establishes her fabulousness as a woman. I tend to think of it more as the latter, especially when she wears costumes that are so strongly the stuff of female fantasy, like her Victorian outfits, which most men would find over-the-top and maybe even a little creepy.

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How would you describe the relationship between Viva and The Love Witch, both in terms of the material they address, and in regards to your own artistic practice and what you've learned now being on the festival circuit the second time around?

The character Barbi that I play in Viva is a love-starved housewife, and the character of Elaine in The Love Witch is a love-starved witch. They both hit a wall when trying to go out in the world and find what they desire, because men don't understand them and can't or won't give them what they want. Barbi, who is passive, depressed, and has mostly given up on her dreams, is mainly looking for sexual fulfillment, but this fulfillment comes at the price of her safety, her reputation, and her home. Elaine is more aggressive and tactical in her search for love, but is unable to find what she wants because men ultimately are unequal to the task of submitting to her demands.

The Love Witch is more explicit in its themes than Viva, because what I learned on the festival circuit with Viva is that people are very literal-minded and don't look much at metaphor and symbolism – at least not with my work. I feel I was usually not given the benefit of the doubt when it came to conscious choices I was making. Reviews often spoke of inadvertent meaning, unconscious meaning—or even no meaning—when I worked so meticulously to put all of those ideas there. People also objectified me because I was playing the lead role and there was partial nudity. So I thought, next time I'm not going to act in it, and I'm going to have to put my ideas even more explicitly in the text.

From an industrial perspective how much do you find you get reduced to essentialist ideas about the kinds of films 'women' make? I'm consistently struck by the diversity of women's filmmaking practice (both today and historically), yet this to me feels like it works in opposition to critical and industry tendencies to reduce 'women's filmmaking' almost to its own genre. I'd love to hear your insight and experience on this.

I've never been lumped in with other female directors. If anything, I've been compared way too much to male filmmakers whom I have little to nothing in common with except visual style. It's true that women's filmmaking is incredibly diverse, but I am personally interested in how female consciousness might shape artwork differently, especially in the way female characters are constructed. So I actually would encourage people to try to group women's films together to see if there are any threads that connect them, and to try to create a sort of canon of women's films that critics can talk about as women's films.

One reason I want to be thought of as a female filmmaker is that my work can only be understood in that context. So many critics want to see my work as a pastiche of films that men have created. When they do that, they deny the fact that I am creating my own world, something completely original. Women are so often thought of as being unable to make meaning. So they are allowed to copy what men make—to make a "pastiche" out of what men have created—but not to create original work. My work comes from a place of being female, and rewrites film genres from that place. So it's essential for me to be placed into a history of female/feminist artmaking practice, otherwise it's taking the work completely out of context.

I wrote an article earlier this year about Robert Eggers' The Witch (https://overland.org.au/2016/03/season-of-the-witch/) where I argued quite strongly for it as an urgent and timely re-articulation of the figure of the witch as an important symbol for feminine power that has culturally been defanged over recent years; an identity women can adopt and embrace themselves to kind of  'get in' before men can try to configure them as monstrous. Elaine in The Love Witch relates to this premise in some pretty complex, fascinating ways: I'm intrigued to hear how you see Elaine in the long history of cinematic witches, from Wizard of Oz to Suspiria to Eggers' film?

There are two types of cinema witches: the old, ugly hag which is the type featured in most movies and literature, and the young, beautiful siren embodied by Circe and Medea, who appeared in films mostly starting in the '60s and was a continuation of the noir femme-fatale siren. I think of all of Bergman's female characters as witches also, in the siren sense. Elaine is obviously also a siren. But unlike most cinematic witches, who embody male fear of female desirability or ugliness or power, I'm trying to tell her story mostly from the inside. She's split into two images: the one the world has of her as dangerous and evil, and the one she has of herself, which is resourceful and loving. To the world, her beauty is a source of pain, torture, and bondage; to herself, it's about trying to construct an identity and create loving bonds. Historically all witches have been interested in and experts on love, so Elaine in that sense is a classic witch.

One last question: I was lucky enough to see Prince earlier this year, and he played his 1996 song 'The Love We Make' which includes the line "wicked is the witch that stands for nothing". Not delving too far into semantics, what to you does Elaine "stand for"?

Elaine stands for the witch as a metaphor for all women—for the split we have as women between our own self-image, and the various images and expectations imposed on us by history, culture, and desire.

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Anna Biller's The Love Witch is playing Revelation Perth International Film Festival on July 10, 15 and 17. It is playing the final night of the Queensland Film Festival in Brisbane on July 24, and will be playing at the Melbourne International Film Festival on July 30 and August 11. It previously played at the Stranger With My Face International Film Festival in Hobart in April.

For more information, visit Anna Biller's website (http://www.lifeofastar.com/).
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on December 08, 2016, 07:24:46 PM
DP David Mullen on the American Cinematographer Podcast (https://www.theasc.com/site/podcasts/the-love-witch-m-david-mullen-asc/)

Also, an article outlining Mullen's technical process, The Magic of Hard Lighting for The Love Witch (https://www.theasc.com/site/blog/web-exclusives/the-magic-of-hard-lighting-for-the-love-witch/) on American Cinematographer's website
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on December 17, 2016, 12:14:07 AM
Blu-ray from Oscilloscope on March 14, 2017

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The Love Witch - Amazon (https://www.amazon.com/The-Love-Witch-Blu-ray/dp/B01NAPV3FJ?SubscriptionId=AKIAIY4YSQJMFDJATNBA&tag=bluray-011-20&linkCode=xm2&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=B01NAPV3FJ&m=ATVPDKIKX0DER)
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: Ghostboy on December 17, 2016, 12:21:28 AM
This movie is the bee's knees, btw. Just wonderful.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: jenkins on January 04, 2017, 03:27:24 AM
it embarrasses me to try to think of how to phrase my compliment to this movie, so i just mentioned that and provided this photo

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Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: matt35mm on January 04, 2017, 04:17:35 AM
God this movie really blooms upon re-watch. Can't and don't want to get it out of my head. A complicated swirl of ideas and rich images. It sings. It seduces. It confronts. This is cinema, and Anna Biller is a true cinematic artist.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: matt35mm on February 03, 2017, 06:39:30 PM
This movie, which is my favorite movie of 2016, is now available for rent or purchase on VOD. If you get it directly from Oscilloscope (for the same price as iTunes or Amazon), there are 30 mins of deleted scenes.

http://thelovewitch.oscilloscope.net/#
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on February 15, 2017, 03:12:20 PM
Under the Influence: Anna Biller on Donkey Skin
via Criterion

Back in the fall, writer-director Anna Biller traveled to New York from Los Angeles for the theatrical premiere of her third feature, The Love Witch, a subversive horror-fantasy about a spell-casting temptress who falls prey to the psychosis of romantic desire. As with Biller's previous films, this exploration of female pleasure pays homage to the splendor of classic cinema from both Hollywood and abroad, giving her the chance to showcase her gifts as a writer, producer, editor, composer, costume and production designer, and set decorator.

While she was in town, she visited us to talk about her love for French director Jacques Demy, whose mix of candy-colored imagery and psychological darkness has made a lasting impact on her filmmaking approach. In the latest episode in our Under the Influence series, Biller explains how Demy's 1970 Donkey Skin (originally titled Peau d'Âne) directly inspired scenes in The Love Witch and how his singular career gave her the confidence to follow her own path as a director.


Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: jenkins on March 28, 2017, 02:06:14 PM
reminder: the good fight is never easy --

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it's an emotional fb thread which popped into my feed via a shared friend. the consensus was this btw: 1 these reviews happen after torrents become available, so they both steal from her and shut her down 2 imdb removed their message board so the angry people go directly to reviewing now
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: polkablues on March 28, 2017, 02:26:23 PM
IMDb user reviews are the finest possible testimony for the ongoing value of a professional movie review industry.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: Alexandro on March 28, 2017, 07:22:21 PM
this was lovely and sexy as fuck.
the whole film is so carefully realised, it's like a giant awesome meal some expert cheff made just for you.
It goes a little too long, but it was never less than fantastic.

I do gotta say cheking out reviews - let alone IMDB user reviews - of your own films is bad for your soul and should be avoided at all costs.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on March 29, 2017, 06:55:14 PM
Interview: Anna Biller on The Love Witch, critics, feminism and female pleasure
via Vodzilla.co

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Rachel Bowles | March 27, 2017

Anna Biller is a 21st century auteur. For her new film, The Love Witch, she acted not only as director, producer, scriptwriter and art director, but also designed and crafted most of the costumes, scored the film and had a hand in its sumptuous classical lighting and cinematography.

The Love Witch centres on Elaine (a pitch-perfect Samantha Robinson), a widowed witch who just wants a man to love. Like a classic Hitchcock heroine, Elaine drives through Americana, glancing in her rear view mirror, as she flees gossip surrounding her husband's suspicious death. Setting up shop in San Francisco, Elaine rebuilds her life, peddling her witchy wares, making friends and trying to mend her broken heart through love potions and sex magick. However, trouble stalks poor Elaine, her beaus begin to act hysterically, and it isn't long before they start to disappear or die, one by one.

The movie has earned a cult following and critical acclaim, setting the festival circuit ablaze with its feminine charms, stunning 60s aesthetic and cutting gender politics. It's intelligent, suspenseful and riotously funny, but the film (and even Biller herself) has also received some backlash, dismissal and mislabelling – even, occasionally, from its fans.

With The Love Witch now out on DVD and VOD, we sit down to chat with her about cinema, the reality of being a female director, and the male-dominated nature of film criticism.

Warning: This conversation contains spoilers for the film.


How are you feeling about The Love Witch blowing up as such a cultural phenomenon since it first premiered last year?

It's amazing. I wasn't expecting it, so it's nice to have your work seen and talked about.

What has been the most surprising reaction to The Love Witch?

I haven't really been too surprised by any of the reactions, but I have been a little disappointed in some of them. I wish there had been more people that just took the film seriously as a regular piece of cinema.

It seems to have been taken seriously within women's journalism and particularly within feminist journalism.

That's true; it's mostly split along gender lines. Then the reactions are also a little bit split along cinephilia lines, so that the men who do respond to The Love Witch and take it seriously tend to be cinephiles. So there's two splits. I'm not really sure, but I think people who have watched more cinema, those who have a broader understanding of cinema from different periods of time, they seem to understand what I'm doing better. I think that the broader cinema knowledge makes it so that people don't tend to take such a narrow view of what they think film and The Love Witch should be.

It's such a rich film, there's so many... not influences because that seems a little reductive. You're taking those cinematic influences and doing something entirely different with it, rather than anything derivative.

It's more that I've just watched so many movies in my life so I'm just taking from that general experience of cinema and not from trying to copy any specific type of movie, so I think people who have watched as many movies as I have may understand what I'm doing a little bit better because they won't have the style be such a block in terms of what I'm doing. I think if you've seen as many movies as I have, you'll actually realise that it's not a pastiche. You'll realise that out of maybe hundreds or thousands of films you've seen, that you actually haven't seen a film like it.

I realised when I was writing it and making it that it was a completely original film. What bothers me about being compared to sexploitation directors is that their films were made for a specific audience and a specific market and a specific time. That time doesn't exist anymore, where filmmakers were breaking apart censorship codes to try to rebel; where sexuality and nudity were seen as a new frontier, and this in of itself being interesting to people. It was sort of a liberal left achievement to be able to go into more explicit forms of filmmaking. So that time isn't now, it's passed. Ironically, the emphasis on the sexuality and nudity of the heroine in The Love Witch is quite low. It's much more about Elaine's interior life and the things that happen to her. Comparing the contexts of old sexploitation films and cinema now – they were making the most explicit movies they possibly could and showing as much female flesh as they possibly could, and I'm living in a time where what I'm showing is tamer than what you see on cable television, so surely it's kind of a strange comparison to make.

I think what men fail to see is this phenomenon of how women are excluded from so much of cinema in terms of their fantasies, their desires, their concerns, so they don't actually understand when they see a movie that is different, that comes from a female consciousness and concerns female fantasies, how different that is. I think that's the most interesting thing about my film in a way, how it actually is able to depict women without showing them in terms of male fantasy.

Definitely. A big part of that when watching the film is that it really embodies the female gaze. Would you be happy with that label? Is that something you tried to achieve?

Oh yes, absolutely! My whole goal in creating cinema is to see how I can create cinema from a female gaze, and it doesn't always have to be feminist; it can be more that it's coming from a female consciousness. Sometimes people use the term 'feminist' in kind of a meaningless, generic way.

Would you be happy with your film being labelled a feminist work or would you qualify that in a certain way?
No, I think it is feminist, I just think that a lot of the people that use the word 'feminist' don't know what it means. It's a little strange, because if someone can say it's sexploitation and yet it's feminist, it means they may not know what either of those words actually mean because it's an oxymoron; you can't have both. You can say it's an erotic film that's feminist, but you can't talk about exploitation being feminist, issues like that.

Also, I think there's a way in which the word feminist has been co-opted for use by people who are not feminist at all in their thinking and ideas. For example, the sex industry tries to co-opt the word 'feminist' to talk about their thinking, their ideas. They think of these old sexploitation movies as being feminist because they're allowing women to express their sexuality 'freely', but they would also call a lot of hardcore pornography feminist because they'll say the woman is enjoying herself. This is why the word 'feminist' is pernicious, because different people will use it for different agendas.

I would say my film is feminist in almost a purer way, and so I don't like the word 'feminist', because it's used for movies that contain really ridiculous female superheroes for a lot of men to enjoy, for cinema that's really quite misogynistic, and it's just used too much nowadays in silly, meaningless ways. I feel like when people are using the word, they should be using it seriously or not at all. It weakens the movement, it makes the term completely meaningless, so that kind of usage takes a lot of power away from it.

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Do you get annoyed at people thinking that Elaine or The Love Witch, in general, isn't feminist, because the film deals with a lot of issues of femininity?

That's kind of my point. Women are often feminine, and that's not a bad thing to be feminine; it's just that it's been used against women. I don't think there's any problem with femininity and feminism being used together, because if that were a problem, that would mean we should be ashamed somehow of being women, being feminine. That's a problem; it's a problem to think feminism is about trying to be like a man. I've tried to explore the experience of being a woman and I've noticed I actually have some feminine traits and qualities that are innate to me, that I don't think are results of me being brainwashed by some force that's been telling me to be feminine or some kind of problem or flaw in my character or personality or who I am. I feel quite strongly about that, because I really wasn't raised in a conventional way as a girl.

I was closer to my father and was not really socialised as a girl very much, so my discovery of my femininity came later through a lot of psychological examination of myself and soul searching, and so I feel like I adopted it and I felt comfortable with it, but I felt, culturally, it was hard to do that, because there's so much anger and negativity around femininity. I think it's horrible for women to have be so ashamed of being feminine, girls having to be ashamed of themselves. I want to make movies that are honest about what it's like to be a girl and I think that's something that people need to think about sometimes.

So many people have so much internalised misogyny; it's probably something that almost every woman has experienced.

I think no matter what kind of woman you are, even if you're extremely masculine, butch etc., you're going to experience internalised misogyny. So when women see that there's a woman in a movie and she's being tormented by a lot of ominous male voices repeated from memory in her mind – they're tormenting her all the time and she's got all this self doubt and she has so much fear, and her response is to create her own image out of make-up, clothes, etc., they understand that that response is real. They don't think of it as camp or kitsch or that it's something retro; they feel it in their daily lives. I think that's a real difference between male and female interpretations of the movie.

It's a very urgent, pressing film and very contemporary. Was it important to you to use gothic conceits? The gothic deals with excessive pleasure and excessive love and what's the right kind of woman and what's the wrong kind of woman. Your film deals with that incredibly well.

I think that's one way in which we try and go to female fantasy. A lot of romance novels that were written for women and by women were written in a gothic setting because women like to fantasise about sexuality and love and romance in a setting that isn't threatening to them, which is far enough removed from them so that they can be comfortable. I think that the character of Elaine, her fantasies about herself, are almost based on those type of romance novels, where she'll be a perfect heroine, either a perfect My Fair Lady actress in a tearoom, or she'll be a perfect Victorian gothic heroine painting in her parlour, another romantic setting.

Another way I was trying to signal female fantasy was by putting her in these pseudo-Victorian dresses with her perfect hair and makeup – it's a kind of mask that she was hiding behind where she felt safe. It's also a barrier between her and the men she dates, because I feel men always want women nude and natural and stripped down and bare, and so she puts on all these layers to protect herself; even [with] her fetish lingerie, the idea is that she has so many contraptions and things to get through before we can get to the real her, and she's really sensitive.

They're really pleasurable for her. The Love Witch highlights feminine labour in Elaine's makeup and food preparation and spells, but these are rituals that are really pleasurable for Elaine to do and for us to watch. You were saying how men want natural women but actually they don't really want natural, they want what they think is 'natural', like, for example, invisible, natural-looking makeup. The Love Witch makes all these pleasurable feminine rituals and labour visible.

Yeah, absolutely. I spent so long on crafts, making those soaps and candles and herb bags and dolls, that was all part of it as well.

One thing that's happened, going back to an earlier question about the [critical] response, is I've felt all this backlash against myself being a woman. I made this movie partly as a response to all the misogyny I've experienced in my life, but I didn't realise how much misogyny there really was until this movie came out.

The thing that's sad for me is that so many people love the movie so much, and that they love it in a misogynistic, sexist way. They feel like I'm giving them something that they've been missing, a way to very overtly objectify a woman in a movie because they feel they've been sanctioned or allowed to do that because I'm a female director so it's okay. In a way that's a big relief for them, to be able to have this very stark objectification. They can come out in the open about it because they think I'm condoning it. So the sexism that has come at me has been very condensed and has been very sad for me, in a way, because it's made me feel very objectified as a director actually.

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Is it because you identify with Elaine? Obviously, she's your creation.

It's more the feeling of being a flesh-peddler madam rather than a film director. Like I'm giving them a sexual spectacle or a sex show, and I've done it for men and so they come and gawk. It's sad for me that people look at it that way, because it's actually kind of horrifying. Since I've been talking more openly in interviews about what my intentions are and [how] I'm not trying to be like Russ Meyer and I don't think it's sexploitation, I've got a little backlash about that too, so now I've got people in their reviews commenting on my comments. Saying things like "she obviously doesn't know what she's really doing but she really is doing this"; "she really is doing sexploitation whether she knows it or not".

It's horrifying because [of] what it is that people are saying... I'm fully aware that I've created a character that men are going to lust after; I'm not unaware of that, that people would have that reaction. It's not like I'm clueless about the fact that men would find [Elaine] attractive and they would have lust over her. That's not what I'm saying, but when they're saying I'm doing this thing but I'm unaware of it, really they're saying the only consciousness is a male consciousness. They're saying that their male consciousness trumps my female consciousness, even though I'm the filmmaker; that their desire and their lust trump my desire to explain the interior of a woman's life and consciousness.

What it makes it feel like, to me, is that men think that I'm painting a negative portrait of men in the movie, but from the response [to the film], it's more negative than even the movie is. I identify with the character [Elaine], in the sense that it makes me feel that, actually, men don't care about a woman's life, what a woman goes through and they're not interested in it. Even though it's being presented to them as a story, they're refusing to look at the significance of it as a story or even to give it credit for being a story or even talk about the story as a story. It's some kind of simulacrum or a pastiche or it's a joke, so they refuse to look at the story, so they're totally uninterested in what a woman's life is and what they're saying is that all that women are is to be looked at. That is what they're saying: I enjoy looking at this woman, this is my sexuality, this is my gaze, and this is what it means. Then, if I've come out in interviews and said that I'm doing something more serious, they're actually rejecting that; they're rejecting what I've said, that I'm doing something more. So they're rejecting me, my actress and my consciousness and, by extension, the consciousness of all women, the validity of female experience; so it becomes highly political, the reaction of the film.

It's interesting how the film is a mirror [for how] people feel, not only about gender but about cinema, so I think that if people love old movies, then they don't have these problems with it. A lot of these problems are like twisted up, strong emotions they have, not only about gender but also about lighting, things like lighting or the pace of editing. So this is why cinephiles that are comfortable with a large range of movies, starting from the 1920s, who are used to different kinds of rhythms and colours and lighting, aren't having these issues or problems. So there's also that, there's the gender problem, but there's also the problem of people watching cinema that doesn't look like cinema from today.

Those are two hugely important issues. Speaking as a female film critic, we have a huge problem with lack of representation and it sounds like there have been male critics who have co-opted the language of film studies in general to dismiss you. Like the notion you're subconsciously putting out an idea rather than that this is your film – to basically deny that you have consciously made this incredible film.

It works on a couple of different levels. One level that I mentioned before is it takes the woman out of the picture as a subject in my story; it makes it more about a male audience looking at her, so it makes it indistinguishable from other movies that were partly or highly sexist, bad for women, terrible for women – misogynistic directors like Russ Meyer. Then, the second thing is a refusal to place me within a history of cinema in terms of some of the things I'm doing, which should be seen as interesting, in terms of an original type of mise-en-scene or cinematography or the kinds of thing that, if I were a male director, they'd be given credit for having made something a little bit more original.

The comparison to sexploitation, first of all, is a comparison to a degraded, disrespected genre that isn't considered serious cinema; second of all, it's a way of saying the film isn't original but is a copy of something, which also takes me down quite a bit, in terms of being an author of anything.

An answer to the first part might be that if we look at The Love Witch as a gothic text, gothic literature was always put down because it was about women, often written by women and women enjoyed reading it.

Actually, men refuse to acknowledge it's a movie for women. They're saying it's a movie for them; it's for their sexual excitation.

And this is why we can't have nice things.

It makes me think I don't want to give men sexual pleasure on the screen. I wasn't doing it for them; I was doing it for myself, because I enjoy some sensuality on the screen and some beauty, so it was really for me. I wasn't doing it with men in mind at all.

That response shows a complete lack of understanding of female sexuality and how we see ourselves.

This is because I think men don't think women know anything about sexuality. In fact, Russ Meyer, who I'm always compared to, had a quote where he said, I don't know which book I read it in, women don't know anything about sex, women don't know anything about sexuality. But, of course, they don't have male sexuality, but I think that's because male sexuality is considered the only sexuality.

If anything we're more sexual because we have to be. If we have the male gaze, most of the time we have to identify with women who are very sexualised, and then we're finding our own pleasure within perhaps a very sexist text. The next stage of that is making your own, something like The Love Witch, which is taking something that was once sexist and then making it into something pleasurable.

Women have to go through that and it's very difficult, and their sexuality has to be very mediated through a lot of things before it can be discovered to be what it truly is for each woman. Obviously, women recognise that. The women who have not responded to the film are women who are not comfortable with gender either, in an interesting way. They're not comfortable with the feminine; they've been [patriarchy]-identified in the sense that they feel that feminine women are ridiculous.

Which is so sexist.

Absolutely, it's a sexist view, but they might think I'm sexist for thinking that I'm buying into this trap of women needing to be this, but the film is a polemic on that and it doesn't really take one point of view or the other on it. It just presents it, because I present Trish [Laura Waddell] and she's a sympathetic character as well. There's moments of the film where you completely go into her world and you get away from Elaine and then you start to hate Elaine, so I feel like most women can relate to both sides, both characters, because they've had moments where they've had both kinds of consciousness or decisions they've made about how to present themselves to the world.

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The characters are so amazing, they're so fully realised. Trish doesn't necessarily have a lot of screen time but we still know her so well and we can slip into her subjectivity.

Yeah, and I think there's that whole sequence near the end where we're [focused] almost entirely on her for quite a while. She has the tragedy with her husband in the tea room, then she discovers Elaine's apartment and she goes through a transformation, so we stay with her for quite a few minutes there going just completely into her world, and for me that was important.

Something really striking in the film is when Elaine is being sensual and she's kind of fantasising but she's remembering things as well, and she's remembering her father talking to her and her husband saying abusive things to her. That really made me think about how women deal with trauma. One in four women have been sexually assaulted, one in four women have been domestically abused, so there's a significant number of women that have to get past some kind of trauma in order to feel that kind of sensual pleasure again. That's something very rarely shown on screen, and you did it with Elaine and it was a really important moment in the film.

That was difficult for me to put that in there. It made me almost a little bit afraid, but it was powerful and I felt it was scary. It scared me because women do have these negative thoughts about themselves constantly that come from their experiences and things men have said to them. She talks in the beginning in a voiceover about how she still has intrusive thoughts, and I thought I have to put in some of her intrusive thoughts, the way that she's made to feel so worthless and how you can also see that her desire to be perfect is also because her husband rejected her because he didn't think she was tidy enough or thin enough or anything.

You can see, if you'd like to call them this, Elaine's excessive or monstrous qualities where she's really OTT about being perfect and they've come from this abuse. Speaking as a champion of wicked witch characters or female baddies, it's wonderful to have her side of the story rather than just: this is an evil woman that should be burnt at the stake.

This is why I'll always insist that the character is coming more from the older horror films and pre-code films more than from any later period, because this is where you'll find these kinds of delicious wicked heroines where you could get inside their modus and their reasons for doing things even though they were so wicked. You could really see why they were going the way they were going and what drove them to it and how they were living in a man's world and this was the only way they could claw their way to the top – movies like Baby Face [1933], all of the great noir films about wicked women. They were only shown to be wicked due to their circumstances, not because they are women and women are horrible and incomprehensible and evil.

I think some time in the 60s, cinema really changed its attitude towards women and women started to have really terrible roles and this is when they made all the sexploitation movies and all the slasher movies. In slasher movies, women are just killed and mutilated and they're not real characters. So you have the horror films before that period where there would be women in danger, women in peril; the noir films with a really interesting heroine and you'd feel her fear and go through her danger, but it was not in order to brutalise and kill her and enjoy the spectacle of her death. It was in order to experience her feelings she's going through – a tragedy. Also, the men were implicated in these films as being the reason for her problem, the men were the violent ones; violent husbands. Now we have killers in slasher films, they don't even have a face or a name, they're just wearing a mask. They're not implicated as real men, like real men in the world who actually kill women. You mentioned domestic violence, but men should have to look at these movies of male monsters killing women, they should be able to look at themselves and their own violence.

They're not being made aware that they're voyeuristic and they're part of the killing; the monster is masked or faceless, there's no responsibility, there's no sort of Peeping Tom [1960] awareness.

All male responsibility is taken away for the violence towards women and then the deaths of women are so incredibly gruesome and painful, and I've been in public audiences where people are cheering and laughing and getting very excited and happy when women are becoming killed, mutilated, raped and everything like that. They really seem to enjoy that happening and the older films had nothing but pity for anybody who died; the death was treated the way it would be treated in life about someone you loved, so you'd be in deep grief.

Then I get people interviewing me and asking me, "Why are your films about love? Why are you interested in love?" These defensive questions as if what I'm doing is sort of suspect, suspicious. No one interviews a horror director and asks why they mutilate women, but question me about somebody wanting love as if that's somehow perverted. So that's where we are.

Speaking as someone who watches a lot of horror at festivals, if a woman's sexually assaulted you'll hear smatterings of laughter...

Clapping even, and cheering and rejoicing.

At festivals like Frightfest, there are always wonderful films by female directors but then there'll be just absolutely terrible films; not just misogynistic but where there is that kind of atmosphere where people are cheering and clapping.

For me it makes me wonder, is that what men think of me, do men want me dead? Do they just want me to be dead? Women dead? They love to watch us dead, it's their favourite thing.

And it always has been, all the songs, poems and paintings about dead women.

I have this joke where I say I don't like to watch too many slasher films because I think women are more interesting alive than dead. So I think about a movie like Blood and Black Lace, people compare me to Mario Bava all the time, which is interesting but I don't think is accurate. So maybe Blood and Black Lace [1964], what I would do if I was directing that movie is that I would keep all of the women alive through the whole movie because they're beautiful models, and I'd have conversations and dialogues and maybe someone would get killed somewhere but I wouldn't be killing off all those actresses one by one, that's for sure. I'd keep them alive and I'd have them do more fashion shows and have some interesting conversations with each other at least, and maybe one or two could get killed for the story, but it would be later, so you would at least get to see them acting and being pretty on screen. So that sure isn't how I would make a movie.

I'd love to see that, and to see them murdering as well! It's interesting with Elaine in The Love Witch that she doesn't actually go around murdering everyone the way maybe a femme fatale character would.

She only directly kills one person. There is a question about the other deaths, whether she was directly responsible or maybe just more indirectly responsible.

The tampon scene, where she's found out she's menstruating is so good. It's just such a simple thing and it's something you never see. It's something that's thought of as so disgusting even to women, which is sad. It's just wonderful to see that in a film, represented really casually; as totally fine and not disgusting.

So for all the stylisation of the film, in terms of the cinematography and some of the costumes and make-up, what actually happens is a lot of it is very naturalistic in terms of just watching her do the things she would do, go about her life and how she is, just doing things like painting or making crafts; or putting in a tampon or gathering herbs and just doing normal things. I don't think you see women in movies just going about their lives too much, going about doing normal things. I was inspired by Jeanne Dielman (1975) for some of that. I had a lot more scenes originally of her doing things like cooking and more crafts and things like that, and I had to not make the movie too long so I cut it out. I originally wanted to spend more time just following her around doing just very basic things.

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It is so very pleasurable; she's not just magically there and magically beautiful.

Yeah, you see her and she wakes up and her make-up is a little bit smeared and she has to put her hair on and make herself pretty again for him, to bring him breakfast, and you see the labour of that.

We're so used to Hollywood films, or even indie films, where the woman wakes up looking perfect and that's that. I wanted to talk a little about your lighting and cinematography because I think it's so beautiful and just adds to the richness of the film. I read about you using Dior tights over the lens.

My cinematographer [M. David Mullen] did that, he has all these tricks and one of them is using antique silk stockings over the lenses, which Von Sternberg's cinematographer did. He used that to create the glints on the chalice – those sparkles where it's like a big diamond of sparkle that comes out. He just absolutely knew how to recreate the type of classic cinematography that I wanted. It was really wonderful working with him.

It's so sumptuous to look at and adds a another layer to the sensuality.

It's very hard to get cinematographers to light that way, because they've all been trained that dark is better, not to use too much light or just use available light and make it look as if there's no lighting. They think it's artificial and don't believe in it. To get someone who's even interested in it is difficult and then you need to get somebody who can actually execute it, because it's much more difficult than contemporary lighting. You have to create highlights and shadows and then people need to walk through them, if you get someone perfectly lit in one spot, they won't be perfectly lit in another spot. The actors have to hit very exact marks and they have to keep their heads almost tilted. It's more difficult for the actors, because they have to not feel self-conscious about hitting a spot.

You have to plan everything out ahead of time, all of the blocking. You really have to have storyboards for every shot. Otherwise, the lighting takes too long because the cinematographer has to know exactly what shots you're doing in the day and this is why it's also very difficult to shoot in real houses. You want to pre-light everything on a grid so you have cords and cables and stands off the floor, because every angle you have to re-light, so everything has to be moved so it can take an incredible amount of time, if you're moving all the cables and all the lights round on the floor. So this is why they shot all the old movies on soundstages and it made more sense. We couldn't do that, we couldn't build all of our sets, because it'd have been too expensive so we had to try to light that way on location, it was very difficult.

The Love Witch is so detailed and rich. Considering how incredibly involved you were with every part of the film, it's infuriating that you've had that kind of response from male critics suggesting you didn't know what you're doing when every detail is so painstaking.

So often the words used are like 'trash' and 'sleaze' and 'schlock'. Negative words are so often applied to it, which is surprising me because of the amount of work and labour and craft that went into the production and lighting, and into the acting. I got very good actors who've been made fun of a lot, so it's been weird. What's interesting is that a lot of it has been really passive aggressive in terms of getting a four or five star review, but where they say something like how this is such a delicious film even though it's silly, frilly, trashy, sleazy. They use every horrifying adjective in the book but they love it because they love trash movies or something like that.

It's maybe a way to dismiss the value of pleasure; and definitely about you being a female auteur.

That's very interesting, the value of pleasure, because I think we're living in a time where pleasure is very much looked down on. Of course, male directors won't be questioned about their pleasures.

Yes, of course. It's not like a throwaway pleasure. I don't want to make to distinctions, but something like pornography is a perhaps a trashy throwaway pleasure and The Love Witch isn't at all.

It's actually the pleasure of cinema, an aesthetic cinema of images of beauty and a detailed thought process, it's that kind of pleasure. The pleasure of a pure cinema. I don't mean to sound arrogant but that's what I think it is, it's not the pleasure of a B movie, it's the pleasure of cinema itself.
I've had two people recently compare The Love Witch to Garth Marenghi's Darkplace, and that really, really shocked me. I think this is [symptomatic of] how people struggle with cinematography or anything that isn't just completely current or in the current style. They just take anything that just isn't the current style and lump it into this category of spoof.

Regarding Samantha Robinson, her performance is just incredible. What was your working relationship like and how did you manage to achieve that?

It was really wonderful working with her because she's very open and she takes acting very seriously, and we both approach material from an intellectual standpoint. I don't think I've ever worked with an actor who is so intellectual, who's so much coming from the brain as her. A lot of actors come more from movement or different things. You have to tap into how the actor works, but she and I work in a similar way, so I was able to just explain the concepts behind the character and she was able to take those and try to internalise them as if they were her own feelings and thoughts and values. That's how she came at the character; to try and understand what everything was, where it was supposed to be coming from, and just create the character very deeply.

In the beginning we watched some movies to inspire her. Different kinds of femme fatales, especially noir films, but it was more that she was just trying to grasp all the layers and nuances of the character so she could, when she was playing the scenes, come from an authentic place rather than her trying to copy anything or do anything mechanically.

There's definitely nothing she's parodying, it's Elaine.

What was really nice about her is I think she played love very well, very authentically, and I also thought she played fear very well. The character is wearing a mask a lot of the time, so I think that's what people mistake for wooden acting; the character herself is playing a role where she's putting something on. But then there are moments where the mask slips and she shows real love and longing, and then when she shows real fear when she's being attacked by Trish and by the mob, and where her real feelings come out and you can see that she's very vulnerable. I thought that was wonderful the way she did that.

She was incredible. You're really identifying and rooting for Trish at one point, but then Elaine's so afraid and your heart breaks for her.

I think, in a way, that's true; part of the success of the movie is that I did have really good actors. I also wrote them to be really deep characters because nobody is a stereotype, or this person is a good person, that person is the evil person. Everyone has nuances, so the actors were excited to get roles that were nuanced and they did as much as they could with the material they had.

Masculinity and male fragility is also dealt with really well through the male characters.

With the male characters, I didn't really have to direct any of them, they just came naturally to those performances, and what they told me was that the script felt very real to them and they were pulling the stuff out of their experiences and own lives as well, so that was interesting.

It's really funny when Wayne [Jeffrey Vincent Parise] the lecturer says that the women who stimulate him intellectually are too unattractive homely, and the attractive women aren't smart enough, and Elaine's saying 'poor, poor baby'. And obviously Elaine's extremely intelligent and she's just cooing him, and he doesn't have a clue what he's into at all.

Yeah that's fun in a way to write a scene like that. That dialogue from Wayne came from a friend of mine who said those exact things to me when he was complaining about women.

Oh my god, did you correct him?

No, it was great material. I study what they do, so I can write good characters. So all the men come from men I know, they weren't coming from movies or fictional characters, and it was fun to write these scenes where she's cooing at these men and they're so clueless and, you know this isn't going to work out very well for them. They're not really going to get away with it.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on April 05, 2017, 04:56:45 PM
A Woman Constructing Her World: Anna Biller Interview
April 5, 2017
By Christopher Heron
via The Seventh Art

American independent filmmaker Anna Biller discusses her latest film, The Love Witch (2016), which investigates gender and psychology through the prisms of love and witchcraft. Following Viva (2007) and her preceding short films, the aesthetic of  The Love Witch is a bricolage of different formalist reference points found across the writing, performance, sets, music and more. Through this unique world building, Biller explores the underlying narcissistic personality of the complex main character, Elaine, as well as a means to explore notions of fantasy, desire, patriarchal structures, craft, and meta-level symbolism, among its many themes. We discuss these components of the film, its reception, critical misunderstandings of cinema history, and the realities of making films as a woman.

The Seventh Art: I was just reading the newly published article on Viva from MUBI.

Anna Biller: I liked that. A lot of people didn't take Viva seriously when it first came out, but it seems people are taking it more seriously now. I did get a couple of academic pieces of writing on it, but I guess most journalism is pretty much on the surface [laughs].

I was reminded that it played at [International Film Festival] Rotterdam. It had that context then, but I guess the Internet and time level everything.

Yeah, even some of the reviews were trying to get it some more mainstream attention, so they were pushing it as something that was more populist, a sex comedy. It's something that's happening with The Love Witch, as well. I think critics like to pick up on what is the most popular aspect of the film and try to sell that so more people see it.

It's a paradox. I guess they assume they're doing a favour to you by doing that, but...

...if they were taking it more seriously, they would be doing me more of a favour [laughs], because I'd be considered more of a serious filmmaker, rather than... I don't know what [laughs].

Another way to think of the problem is that they're putting the movie into the wrong frame. People are characterizing it as a lowbrow genre film that's too long and slow for what it is, when actually it's an art film that uses popular forms and techniques. People are scratching their heads, wondering why the acting is the way it is, and the pacing, and the deliberate design, when if they would put it into the correct frame none of that would seem strange at all. People recognize all of the elements individually: that it has a contemplative pace, declarative acting, a deliberately constructed mise-en-scene, and a thematic structure – all elements that should place it squarely in the art-film category And yet many characterize it as a cheap, sleazy genre film, or a one-line joke. The question is, why is it being put into the wrong frame?

I had read an interview with you before seeing The Love Witch, so I have to assume it altered my perception. I don't think it would have been drastically different otherwise, but it certainly added something to a first viewing.

An expectation of watching something a little more trashy, maybe?

Yeah, it definitely removed that. I was more aware of the theoretical rigour.

Yeah, my interviews tend to be a little bit different than how other people talk about it. I'm a little more serious when I talk about things, but that's how I think about things. I'm not trying to be pretentious or pretend I'm something I'm not; these are really the concerns I have when making a movie. I watch a lot of really serious cinema and think deeply about my themes. So I'm always a little surprised when a film comes out and people are looking at just the silliest, most surface aspects. They're put there on purpose as a surface, but it isn't all that's there.

For someone who performs so many roles on this film [writer, director, producer, composer, editor, production designer, art director, costume designer, etc.], it seems like the screenwriting aspect gets talked about the least. I'm curious how that portion started and how it evolved before shooting.

The screenwriting was – in a way – the most important part of making The Love Witch. I started off with theme: wanting to make a movie about a femme fatale and to show her life from the inside. That's a feminist project because sexualized, beautiful women in films are only ever looked at, usually, from the outside. I wanted to show her insides. All the films that I watch, that I talk about – the classic movies, some of the foreign movies, like [Ingmar] Bergman's – the reason I get so much out of those films is because they have such interesting female characters. They're so much more dimensional and you did see some of their insides. I just don't see that very much now in filmmaking. I wanted to kind of bring that back, that was the most important thing, but also drawing heavily on my own life in terms of creating the actual events that happen in the film.

The Gertrude (1964) reference you've also made is interesting because it isn't realist, it participates in a higher register performance style, but when a film like yours alters how the actors behave in a way that's not the most contemporary realist style, people see it as an inherently negative quality.

I love symbolist theatre, I like things that are abstract, artistic and thematic. That's a lot of what my taste is: Maeterlinck plays, things that are not sexploitation. [The films] are stylized, but not stylized from the sources that people think that they are. I think people take their own experience of stylized texts, which is limited for most people, and they compare it to that. Their only experience with stylization may be Russ Meyer or John Waters.

I'd like to talk more about the well-roundedness you're describing and the interior life of the Elaine character. One thing I found interesting about the film, which isn't mentioned as much, is the basic point that she paints – someone who creates objects and approaching her world in that way. Yet she's not described by this in writing on the film. What function did that serve for the character for you?

That's what I do, I'm an artist and I make everything for my films. I'm constructing a world and I wanted that to be part of the movie: this idea of the artisanship of witchcraft. The idea that to create a film about witchcraft, you have to make a lot of objects that witches use. I wanted there to be a sense that she's an artisan that's crafting a world that's very meaningful to her through objects and that's what I do as a filmmaker. I wanted that connection to be there. The idea is that I'm sort of like Elaine because I'm a woman and I'm constructing my world, and she's a woman and she's constructing her world. I wanted that parallel to be there.

Would that be why she's so adept at understanding the rules of the game, the world around her, and the psychology of the men she's engaging with?

For me, that's me trying to make a real feminine character, because women are intuitive. She's an intuitive woman – she's also an obedient woman and people don't talk about that too much, either. She's twisted and shaped herself to fit an ideal that men have created for how she should be. She's actually trying to be accommodating, pleasant, and use love to shape her world. It doesn't work, for various reasons. It doesn't work because we live in a patriarchy where men are not really interested in women having power over them. It also doesn't work because she's become mentally ill in the process of transforming herself, so that she's not very much able to give and receive love by the time that she's doing these experiments.

I saw in an interview that you compared this to Frankenstein's monster, because as you say, there's a patriarchal structure and she's not necessarily trying to topple it, she's obedient to its rules, but the act of willingly conforming is like a too-human goal that doesn't turn out how you planned.

Yeah, because it's really about a power imbalance. You can't change other people through witchcraft, a little through persuasion, but if you're living in a culture where men insist on being dominant and that's their main joy in life, you're not going to succeed in actually being dominant over a man. It's the fact that she's trying to become dominant through becoming passive that it became a kind of demonic project that was bound to fail.

When she's engaging with Wayne and asks whether he's a Libertine and he responds about different time periods engaging with this differently, it reminded me of texts on so-called Satanism. It is sometimes portrayed as having an Utopian, mutual participation between genders, but in this context, he uses his knowledge of this as a way to keep her from discussing it further.

She's playing a game and they're playing a game, as well. There's another way to look at how they fall apart. You could say it's because she cast a spell on them or she gave them a drug, or on the other hand you could say they're falling apart because this fantasy of love she has, as soon as they've got the woman they want, they become very unhappy. They've conquered and that's what they wanted, they don't really want to be staying there with that woman after they've conquered her. [Laughs] So this is where this gets into realism. Then it becomes all about them, she shifts from being the whore to the mommy. "Oh, mommy it hurts," then they're weak and crying, and want mommy to patch everything up for them. It's what happens when men get married, actually.

Beyond realist experience, was there any investigation into psychology? You've mentioned in other interviews gestalt therapy, fetishes, and she mentions parapsychology in the film.

Oh yeah, I did, I read a lot of psychology books – probably even more than witchcraft books when I was writing this. I was trying to understand the narcissistic personality disorder, but also a lot of stuff about gender. I was reading Jung, a lot of Adler, and older psychology to understand how these dynamics work. I've always been really interested in gender psychology and theory. You have to take all of that and turn it into characters and make it into a drama, try to not have it be too didactic. That's where my experience comes in and that's also where my love of cinema comes in. You take all this theory and psychology and you turn it into a story, and you try to make that story simple, archetypal, and also cinematic. What ends up happening with my work is my interest in making it cinematic is where all the attention goes. You mention that people don't notice the screenplay or the themes as much as they notice the craft, where you turn it into cinema using lighting techniques, design techniques, to try to bring you story to life. That's the stage that people focus on with my work – it seems – the craft, the cinematic side.

I know you've mentioned that if this was literature, would there be the same hang-up over style. Maybe with more established media, where a new book chose to engage in a 19th Century style, it would just be seen as a choice that was made as opposed to "Why is this different from everything else that is coming out?"

Yeah, I think about that all the time. If you were to write a novel in the 19th Century style, let's say – as you said – would that be all everyone talked about? That you were using language that was a bit archaic? They probably wouldn't. I think it's because cinema is so tied into the mainstream market and there are expectations. Since movies mostly all look the same, people think they all look the same is because the technology has changed, and that's the only way movies can look: how they look now. They think the reason people act the way they do in movies now is because that's better or realistic acting and the acting of the past was bad. So if you show them a movie that doesn't look like new movies and people don't act [in it] the way they act in new movies, they don't understand it. It makes them question everything else they're watching and realize everything they watch, the filmmaker is making a choice. That they're making choices that are different than the choices that I'm making. It makes them question their whole viewership. I think that's what makes people so excited... and sometimes upset.

Are you concerned that it hampers the ability for the communication of a specific meaning?

Absolutely. Yeah, it actually for many people absolutely destroys their ability to engage with the movie in terms of what it's doing. For me, because I watch so many classic movies, I don't have any sense of it being different [laughs] from other movies, because it's so similar to movies I watch. I think probably my core audience is classic movie fans because they don't have these hang-ups or problems with the style.

One other thing that's interesting is that people are ascribing [the style] to a type of movie that didn't really exist, they're just inheriting an idea that it's a sexploitation film or a [Mario] Bava type film, but if you've see those films, they don't really apply.

They don't apply at all and that's what's so interesting: they are inventing a genre that didn't exist and then saying I'm copying that genre. Then they go into detail about how I do that, it's so fascinating. There was one reviewer that talked about a whole genre of witchcraft movies from the '60s and '70s about witches creating love spells that didn't quite work out, they were sort of comic and had sex scenes... there was not a single film made like that in the history of cinema [laughs]. There was one film that was made, it was called Bell, Book and Candle (1958), it was a studio movie from the 1950s and there was the TV series Bewitched (1964-72) with that theme. Then from the '40s there was I Married a Witch (1942) and as far as I know, those were the only three things with that sort of plot that that person describes [laughs]. This whole 'genre' and they're studio films, not low budget movies, b-movies, sexploitation movies. It's fascinating to me that people are inventing this.

It's also interesting that when they do discuss the form – when they're only focused on the form – they're not really interested in each choice as an individual decisions. Maybe not even related to one another in a recreation project.

They're also mainly not looking at the forms that I actually am referencing. A few people do mention Hitchcock, who I directly visually reference, but I don't directly visually reference anything from Russ Meyer or giallo films or anything else that they compare it to. There might be something surrounding hysteria about female sexuality, I'm thinking, presented from a female point of view – that that makes people nervous, maybe. It might be something to do with me being a female filmmaker and that females can't make meaning on their own, but they can copy. I'm not sure. I think it's entirely possible if I was a man, there was a man's name on this movie, that none of this would really be happening. I'm not sure, but I think it's possible.

It could also be because there's a political component to it that I think people are maybe trying to compartmentalize. If you look at someone like Wes Anderson, someone who is very in control of the mise-en-scene as well, I think people are comfortable with that because they're not also feeling like there's a greater political project at play – like an understanding of gender, which is political.

Yeah, that's right, it's political. I think all of the reviews are politicized in some way. I don't think they have to be, it's a story and I'm creating a piece of cinema and it can be talked about on that level without having to be politicized.

To pursue these formal questions at a more specific level, how was your relationship with M. David Mullen while shooting the film?

We had a fantastic relationship because we were completely on the same page. I interviewed dozens of DPs and I knew none of them could do what I wanted to do, but I knew he could because I've worked with him before. When I was interviewing people, I was mainly trying to get them to talk about lighting to see if they were interested in lighting and to see what kinds of things they had to say about lighting. I have to say, out of dozens of qualified DPs with good resumes, I didn't meet with anyone who was actually even interested in lighting or discussing it. The thing is that to create this beautiful look that I wanted, it's all about the lighting. I guess DPs, I don't know, they don't tend to learn lighting or focus on it or have it be part of the aesthetic for them. Things need to be illuminated so you can see things, but I don't think DPs are so much studying lighting. That's the whole key to getting this movie looking the way it looks and I knew that because from the time that I was making my first student films, I didn't like the lighting. I studied lighting to understand what it was, how to get the images I wanted. I've been trying to light this way ever since I started shooting film, so I knew the importance of it. But it's also time consuming and involves a lot of skill. So my DP for Viva did a good job, but he was very slow because he wasn't as experienced and that can be death for your days, because you go over twelve hours and it kills the crew. I knew I needed somebody who could do it and do it quickly – and masterfully – and this was David. I knew David was an expert on this.

This would be portrait lighting?

Yeah, it's basic three point lighting, yeah, but there are a lot of things you need to know to light an entire set, pre-light a set from a grid. It's complicated because now people are using soft lights where you don't have to control the light as much. It's a basic glow that you're creating. But with hard lights, you have to control the light and shape it. It has to be shaped with scrims and flats and nets and barn doors. You're painting with light, making painting, and it's complicated because you have to make the light look good for the wide shot of the set and then you have to re-light every side of the shot so that if you go in for a medium shot, you have to make the light more precise on the faces. Then if you go in for a close-up, you do something else. You're lighting actors, so you have to have eye lights so their eyes ping – sometimes put out a flag to shadow the forehead. There are all these things that you do and it's complicated. There are filters for softening women's faces especially and it's beautiful, it's like a whole lost art, and David is even more of a fetishist than me. He's been studying this since he was a kid. I went to the same school as him. I kept asking him and asking him, and he was busy and said no. So I didn't shoot until he was available [laughs] because I just knew. I kept trying to find other people, but in the end I knew that I had to have him in order to get it to come out right.

Did you board most of your shots because it seems that there's a consistent approach with them, beyond even the lighting: how characters are blocked in scenes, how singles are set-up with the set seen clearly in the background and the actors centred usually.

Yeah, everything was boarded and I did some larger paintings, as well. It's interesting you mention seeing the set behind people, because it's a whole process where you design the sets that way ahead of time for the shots that you're going to need. When I'm designing the living room set of the apartment, I make sure there's depth on both sides. There's depth going back into the dining room and depth going back into the magic room. You have windows on the other side for depth and a fire place on the other side, archways, and every wall has a painting or vase – some kind of interest. You have texture and depth going all the way back so you always have a good shot. There is always something to capture, you know? I really think about that when I prepare my sets. You have a couch and you have a dining room way in the back that's blue, and you have a living room that's orange and red, which stays in front. You can get a beautiful two-shot of two people sitting on a couch, going back in that depth, and you also know that when you get the singles, you'll have depth going the other way. I think about that when I'm designing.

Did you also have an idea for the colour palette and how that would mesh with your interest in symbolism or certain themes that you want to articulate in each scene?

Yeah, mainly in Elaine's apartment it was all symbolic from a Thoth tarot deck. The movie is about gender polarity in witchcraft, so the sun is the masculine element and the moon is the feminine element. I had her living room be the sun colours (orange, yellow and red), and her magic room and dining room be the moon colours (blue, purple and white). The colours that people wore – the Renaissance Fair was a summer solstice festival so it was all yellow, gold, marigold and yellow daisies. There's this colour symbolism that goes throughout the film. Because she was falling in love with him and he's a man, his masculine was shining down upon her, it was all about celebrating her finding this man who is a golden man. I thought about everything that way. In the tea room, it's all pink and peach at the beginning because it's supposed to represent ladies, female space, and then later Trish and Elaine are opposite colours. Trish is in black because she's in mourning and Elaine is in white because she feels she's about to be a bride. People in the background are mainly in white, so the idea is that at the beginning they were becoming friends and wearing the same colour, and at the end they're on opposite sides and enemies although they don't know that yet. These seem like very obvious colour choices to make as far as symbolism, but they work for the audience because when you see two people sitting on opposite sides of the table and one is in black and one in white, it has an emotional-psychological effect on the audience. I have that two-shot, where I'm not shooting it the same way, either. Rather than shooting mostly an over-the-shoulders where they relate to one another, it's either in singles or a two-shot where they seem very far away from one another.

You mentioned the affect this has on the viewer, which also comes up with the duration with your scenes. It seems like a lot of things we're talking about are a tension that exists between a specific meaning on your behalf and the ability for that to be legible with an audience that has different viewing habits. How do you determine the length you choose for a scene, specifically the ones that push at that norm?

Again, when I watch newer movies, I can't stand the way they're edited because I feel like it's really not about establishing people relating to one another in a conversation as much as it's about getting a feeling of movement. But there's not a lot of psychological movement in these movies, there's just a lot of physical movement, so the camera is drifting slightly or whipping or cutting or drifting to the hands then back to the face or kind of wandering here and there, but nothing is actually happening in the dialogue – nothing interesting or exciting is happening psychologically. I go for psychological movement, movement in the mind. Most of my favourite directors do that, as well, so I'm very interested in Dreyer and Bergman, Ozu. Nobody compares me to those directors because I'm doing something much more romantic and populist, a bit more like Hitchcock, but I'm interested in the camera be still so you can actually watch people: their facial expressions, listen to their conversation. The length of things is determined by what needs to happen in the scene, what needs to occur between people, what points need to be made, what shifts need to happen.

I make these scenes as short as I possibly can to convey that because if you make a scene that has a dramatic weight between people, if you make it too short, it becomes very comic, silly. Some of my scenes are too short. There's a scene, for example, where Wayne picks up Elaine in the park. That's unrealistically brief for a pick-up. They don't get to know one another at all. If I was more interested in realism, that scene would go on for five or six minutes, or there would even be several intermediary scenes before they go back to his cabin. I'm always trying to balance getting something done in terms of realistic, psychological connection with speed and expediency, and it's not easy to do.

When it comes to the set pieces, you're more willing to go longer on those ones. It's interesting how you refer to not moving the camera so much, because when this style is used in foreign films it's called 'contemplative'. In this sense, it's trance-like in those longer scenes.

Again, none of these scenes is that long. The longest scene would be the Renaissance Fair. That scene is a long scene, but it's a scene that is broken up in many different sections, a lot of different things happen. First they have to discover and be enchanted by something, then you're finding out about what happens at a summer solstice ritual, they're watching the action and see their friends, they eventually get married, and then they have to a conflict in their minds. There are a lot of things that have to happen in that scene, a number of complex things. If you're just looking at this scene and thinking, "It's a dumb silly Renaissance Fair and there's a song, why is it taking ten minutes?" Then you're not really looking at the scene. One thing I spent time on that scene and spent time in the tea room [scene] – these are the most important scenes thematically. I want the audience to be immersed and to remember them, to find them important. If that pick-up scene had been important, I would have stayed on it a long time. If it had been something I wanted people to really sink in on and remember. That's one thing you do with length, you signal what scenes are the most important.

I've heard people say that the Renaissance scene could have been cut out or it was silly, extraneous, or what was it even doing there – it means that people aren't following the story [laughs]. Or it means they can't think metaphorically or something, because really that scene is the key to the whole movie. That's really more the kind of filmmaking that I love, the kind of filmmaking that you can tell a story through spectacle and you can tell it through metaphor. It's also where her fantasies played out, so those two scenes – the tea room and the Renaissance Fair – are where her inner life, her inner fantasies are played out. I think those scenes are more important than the scenes where she strips for a man, you know what I'm saying? What's sad to me, to go back to an earlier point we were discussing, is that people are missing that when they're discussing the meaning of the movie when they talk about it as sexploitation. They're placing undue weight on scenes of her stripping or seducing someone and they're placing very little weight on the scenes that are the most important, which have to do with her inner fantasy life – what she wants.

It's almost as if they're engaging with it as if the film has been made for their voyeuristic fantasies, as opposed to maybe yours as the artist – the things you want to see.

Yeah, exactly. Their voyeuristic fantasies, I'm not trying to be not generous, there is plenty of material for them, but the way I've edited it is for my voyeuristic fantasies, which have to do with showing a pink tea room and staying in that room or staying in the Renaissance Fair. A lot of people have said that I have a problem with my editing, like I don't know how to edit [laughs]. It's all very intentional. People refuse to see that I am more serious in my cinema goals, so for example, a put a touch of Dreyer or Ozu or Akerman in there because I'm drawing from them as well. People don't see Jeanne Dielmann... (1975) as too long, because they know that they'd be missing the point [laughs]. My Renaissance Fair scene is not too long compared to a scene in an actual art movie. I get this argument because it's a "silly-frilly sexploitation movie" and because it's that kind of movie it's too long. They're aware when they say that that they first have to say, "I'm someone who likes art films and who understands them, but that ain't what this is and therefore..."  I think a lot of the criticism is saying, "This person has a lot of pretensions towards being a serious director and she's not, and because she's not her film should only be 70 minutes long because that's the length of dumb, throwaway trash movies – that's the length those movies should be and that's what this is." That's a political thing, too. There's a political dimension to saying that female fantasy is dumb and trashy.

It's also an interesting parallel between you and Elaine, because she's willing to engage in the rules of the game – in this sense, being aware of the conventions of American cinema of the past, but wanting to engage more deeply, and that's off-putting to people.

Oh sure it is. I was aware, for example, when constructing that Renaissance Fair scene or the tea room scene that I was going to get flak for it. I'm always aware what's going to cause a controversy or problem. I'm aware of the things that are going to seem corny, too feminine to people, the things that are going to seem too long, too latent. I go ahead and do them anyway, so it's not like I don't know what I'm doing. I'm doing all this on purpose as a social experiment, because it's not the most important thing to me to have the most popular film, but it is important to me to actually do these kind of cinematic experiments and see what happens. It's really important to me as an artist to push up against, not only ideas about gender, but ideas of what cinema is and what cinema can be. I think I've been successful in the sense that people are talking about... not always respectfully... but people are talking about the film in terms of how it was made, who made it, how it was constructed, which means people are looking at it not just as being as real and washing over them, not thinking about how it's made. That makes it an art movie, I think. There's this invisibility to how films are made that I'm trying to get out of.

The verisimilitude, the invisible realism.

And to me, newer movies seem less realistic than older movies because the craft is worse. I think objectively worse. For example, the craft of lighting is meant to make you see reality the way we see it with our eyes, because our eyes are so much more dimensional than a camera lens. They see so much more depth and colour and separation than a camera, so you have to add artificial lighting to see the world through a camera the way you would see it with your eyes. You have to have a lot of craft, training and acting to make what you're doing feel believable – a lot of training that people don't have anymore. To me, the older movies were more realistic because they were better at illusionism. Just like how you can't take a paint brush and painting what you see, because you won't be creating illusionism, you have to train to create illusionism. I really don't think of what I'm doing as being stylized so much as I'm trying to create illusionism the way that people used to.

The standard of illusionism changes to something that is more objectively chaotic and not really invisible.

Yeah, a really good example would be a handheld camera is much less like how we see the world because we have vision stabilization, which means that when we're standing looking at something, our eyes don't appear to have the film wavering around in a random way. What we see appears fixed, even though we might be swaying slightly or moving slightly, our vision is fixed. When we're walking, the image in front of us seems to be smoothed out the way that is when you have a dolly. Using a dolly, using a tripod are much better ways to imitate human perception than not using them. Not using them doesn't remind you of anything other than that there's a handheld camera there. To me, that takes me out of the reality of the film, it just makes me aware of the production.

When you referred to this film as a social experiment, I'm wondering if there's data that you've collected from the experience that's going to play into what you work on next?

Yes, absolutely. I keep learning how to make a movie that people can get absorbed in a bit better. I'm actually quite accommodating and learn from my mistakes, not that I think that this film is a mistake. I like to take away people's barriers between being able to appreciate the content, so I think I've learned how to do that a little bit better. I think part of that has to do with being a little less arty about the structure of my script. I think that's really where it starts from, the structure of your script. I was trying to be kind of conventional, but I was being very playful, as I said. People don't understand how much of their reaction comes from the structure of my script, which has a few unconventional moments. The unconventional things in the script are really what people are responding to, but they don't think that's what they're responding to [laughs]. So I've written a script that's very conventional structurally. That's my experiment this time, to see how that works.

Are you going to maintain the aesthetic interests that you have or will that change with the script?

It doesn't have to change, except that depending on the kind of budget structure I get and the amount of creative control I get, it could change. I'm a little concerned about that, because depending on where you get your money... [laughs] I don't think I'll want to spend seven years again making a movie, so I'll have to do this one for more money, and when you have more money you have more pressure to give away more tasks to more department. We'll see what happens, I'm hoping to get creative control, but I don't know how much I'll have. I'll still do sketches and paintings for everything and hopefully some of that can get incorporated into the movie.

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Images and clips from some of the lesser-known influences on The Love Witch:

The theater of Maurice Maeterlinck (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck):

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2Fm1M1MHq.jpg&hash=e0c808f222da92301a14828384779a36932f3f85)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2F9NJ4riy.jpg&hash=259c3ea136e100cf031805524ec713940c486624)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FhJifcWE.jpg&hash=0bb4697cb21494518ae567285108ac10b90bef08)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2Fi1pYjA1.jpg&hash=b88edd4ab00ef4017d9d631c2391dc436d428d57)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FWx4bGt5.jpg&hash=679fcbbe909abf0ce9add69f744a835f5c2798f0)



Aleksandr Ptushko's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Ptushko) film Ruslan and Lyudmila (1972):

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FcbwavCQ.jpg&hash=1825095dd2dc0117b7b06cb0694c2b842e62fa19)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FR7ajlkn.jpg&hash=7d4a246e5032823e66d2398dafe5211b060ec1c2)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FwvfoWD8.jpg&hash=9ae72d9f0825e43d4d94525bf2159243838891b6)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2Fgj6E4MS.jpg&hash=15214a7c500af84059ee2384e98c9962d2c266d9)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FRPPr4mC.jpg&hash=51b7abb03b93f271bb7e57b428cdb4fb91e4e9be)

Several of his films are streaming on Amazon Prime (https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_nr_n_0?fst=as%3Aoff&rh=n%3A2625373011%2Ck%3AAleksandr+Ptushko&keywords=Aleksandr+Ptushko&ie=UTF8&qid=1491429130&rnid=2941120011) right now



Bell, Book, and Candle (1958):

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2F6K7jwuV.jpg&hash=989b4fd00fe4a6d37ee7df6595d1ac58af1723fe)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2F0L1wFml.jpg&hash=062666423495f33124714fd77f612cbc335d4ab9)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FkZeclcV.jpg&hash=70a8ca6aea3a8fc8076b9406a39de81ea741aaf9)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2Fzv4Pj0V.jpg&hash=9bbf06309a9abee6a0f23e1ba92409e51d012ae4)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FKuLfoFl.jpg&hash=7b4fc2ce6eeb08e7793e72ef03cd6bab0e424359)

(https://xixax.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FbvYrJBT.jpg&hash=986346262166f603b7009075c2fb49effa64eee1)






Konstantin Yershov & Georgi Kropachyov's Viy - The Spirit of Evil (1967)

Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: modage on April 07, 2017, 06:38:34 PM
I was skeptical about this from the trailers and just thinking that I'm not sure I had any interest in a movie that sets out to completely recreate some kitschy forgotten style of filmmaking without attempting to add something new to it. (Even if that something new is a feminist POV not present in the mid-60s films this is referencing, I still didn't think that would be enough). Not even the near unanimous praise really made me think that this would rise above that issue for me, but finally I broke down and decided to see for myself.

And while this is an A+ recreation of that late 60s style of filmmaking, I still have to shrug. Biller has an amazing eye for detail and every shot, outfit, color, etc. is spot on but to what end? There is a difference in taking some cues from other eras and incorporating some different non-period appropriate elements to make something interesting but to simply recreate for the sake of it, I'm not sure what the point of it is other than camp value. For me you can put it on the pile with Hobo With A Shotgun and the other post-Grindhouse exercises in irony.

Also: 2 hours, Jeeezus Christ. As a 20-30 minute short it's cute, but as a feature, eh.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: pete on April 08, 2017, 01:59:30 PM
I think the kitschiness of it was just the hook but Billers' ability to both stay campy but still make very incisive commentaries about a glamorized but tragic character is the real meat. I think you're being too dismissive of the "feminist POV" - the film contained much more nuance and it wasn't just some empowerment message - it showed Biller's point of view amidst so many visual riffs and spot on production choices and pretty much just everything she's nailed.

Quote from: modage on April 07, 2017, 06:38:34 PM
I was skeptical about this from the trailers and just thinking that I'm not sure I had any interest in a movie that sets out to completely recreate some kitschy forgotten style of filmmaking without attempting to add something new to it. (Even if that something new is a feminist POV not present in the mid-60s films this is referencing, I still didn't think that would be enough). Not even the near unanimous praise really made me think that this would rise above that issue for me, but finally I broke down and decided to see for myself.

And while this is an A+ recreation of that late 60s style of filmmaking, I still have to shrug. Biller has an amazing eye for detail and every shot, outfit, color, etc. is spot on but to what end? There is a difference in taking some cues from other eras and incorporating some different non-period appropriate elements to make something interesting but to simply recreate for the sake of it, I'm not sure what the point of it is other than camp value. For me you can put it on the pile with Hobo With A Shotgun and the other post-Grindhouse exercises in irony.

Also: 2 hours, Jeeezus Christ. As a 20-30 minute short it's cute, but as a feature, eh.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: modage on April 09, 2017, 12:03:58 PM
Not slamming the message just questioning the mode of delivery.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: pete on April 09, 2017, 08:21:31 PM
Quote from: modage on April 09, 2017, 12:03:58 PM
Not slamming the message just questioning the mode of delivery.

again, it wasn't just a "feminist POV" nor was it a singular message.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: jenkins on April 09, 2017, 10:17:55 PM
Quote from: modage on April 09, 2017, 09:21:03 PM
Quote from: jenkins on April 09, 2017, 12:05:35 PM
honestly you said you didn't understand the point and it was awkward.
Sorry, what was the point?

when you get to the hard questions is when we'll be rolling

Quote from: wilder on March 29, 2017, 06:55:14 PM
It's such a rich film, there's so many... not influences because that seems a little reductive. You're taking those cinematic influences and doing something entirely different with it, rather than anything derivative.

It's more that I've just watched so many movies in my life so I'm just taking from that general experience of cinema and not from trying to copy any specific type of movie, so I think people who have watched as many movies as I have may understand what I'm doing a little bit better because they won't have the style be such a block in terms of what I'm doing. I think if you've seen as many movies as I have, you'll actually realise that it's not a pastiche. You'll realise that out of maybe hundreds or thousands of films you've seen, that you actually haven't seen a film like it.

I realised when I was writing it and making it that it was a completely original film. What bothers me about being compared to sexploitation directors is that their films were made for a specific audience and a specific market and a specific time. That time doesn't exist anymore, where filmmakers were breaking apart censorship codes to try to rebel; where sexuality and nudity were seen as a new frontier, and this in of itself being interesting to people. It was sort of a liberal left achievement to be able to go into more explicit forms of filmmaking. So that time isn't now, it's passed. Ironically, the emphasis on the sexuality and nudity of the heroine in The Love Witch is quite low. It's much more about Elaine's interior life and the things that happen to her. Comparing the contexts of old sexploitation films and cinema now – they were making the most explicit movies they possibly could and showing as much female flesh as they possibly could, and I'm living in a time where what I'm showing is tamer than what you see on cable television, so surely it's kind of a strange comparison to make.

I think what men fail to see is this phenomenon of how women are excluded from so much of cinema in terms of their fantasies, their desires, their concerns, so they don't actually understand when they see a movie that is different, that comes from a female consciousness and concerns female fantasies, how different that is. I think that's the most interesting thing about my film in a way, how it actually is able to depict women without showing them in terms of male fantasy.

Definitely. A big part of that when watching the film is that it really embodies the female gaze. Would you be happy with that label? Is that something you tried to achieve?

Oh yes, absolutely! My whole goal in creating cinema is to see how I can create cinema from a female gaze, and it doesn't always have to be feminist; it can be more that it's coming from a female consciousness. Sometimes people use the term 'feminist' in kind of a meaningless, generic way.

Would you be happy with your film being labelled a feminist work or would you qualify that in a certain way?
No, I think it is feminist, I just think that a lot of the people that use the word 'feminist' don't know what it means. It's a little strange, because if someone can say it's sexploitation and yet it's feminist, it means they may not know what either of those words actually mean because it's an oxymoron; you can't have both. You can say it's an erotic film that's feminist, but you can't talk about exploitation being feminist, issues like that.

Also, I think there's a way in which the word feminist has been co-opted for use by people who are not feminist at all in their thinking and ideas. For example, the sex industry tries to co-opt the word 'feminist' to talk about their thinking, their ideas. They think of these old sexploitation movies as being feminist because they're allowing women to express their sexuality 'freely', but they would also call a lot of hardcore pornography feminist because they'll say the woman is enjoying herself. This is why the word 'feminist' is pernicious, because different people will use it for different agendas.

I would say my film is feminist in almost a purer way, and so I don't like the word 'feminist', because it's used for movies that contain really ridiculous female superheroes for a lot of men to enjoy, for cinema that's really quite misogynistic, and it's just used too much nowadays in silly, meaningless ways. I feel like when people are using the word, they should be using it seriously or not at all. It weakens the movement, it makes the term completely meaningless, so that kind of usage takes a lot of power away from it.

Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: modage on April 10, 2017, 07:30:41 AM
I don't think we need to keep going back and forth on this but it sounds like she just said what I said.

Biller: I think it is feminist.

Modage: feminist POV.

Sorry if that's is still too reductive but really has nothing to do with why the film has to look and sound like a bad 60s movie with stilted acting and the like. The only reason it has to do that is because Biller fetisihizes those films - which is fine and there is nothing inherently wrong with that in itself - but if stylistically she's not going to try to throw in some other influences to make something a little bit "new" I'm just not that interested. It's fine to steal but if you're not going to steal from multiple and more varied sources you're just recreating something that is already passed.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: jenkins on April 10, 2017, 07:46:25 AM
Quote from: modage on April 10, 2017, 07:30:41 AM
I don't think we need to keep going back and forth on this but it sounds like she just said what I said.

Quote from: wilder on March 29, 2017, 06:55:14 PM
I think if you've seen as many movies as I have, you'll actually realise that it's not a pastiche. You'll realise that out of maybe hundreds or thousands of films you've seen, that you actually haven't seen a film like it.

okay cool, was just checking.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: modage on April 10, 2017, 11:28:51 AM
If Biller is claiming it was not her intention to replicate a very specific and very retro style of filmmaking here, I disagree with her.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: jenkins on April 10, 2017, 02:43:31 PM
Quote from: modage on April 10, 2017, 11:28:51 AM
If Biller is claiming it was not her intention to replicate a very specific and very retro style of filmmaking here, I disagree with her.

she has not claimed that. she has claimed that was her intention.

obviously i'm going to pop the bottle back open, unrelated to the previous conversation, which apparently reached the resolution that the movie feeling vaguely familiar can make people cranky. here's a clip i was going to mention earlier but didn't end up making that post, since i thought pete was doing a great job introducing broader perspectives. the movie's merits are undeniable, all that can happen is a person can not think it worth their interest. i find myself on the other side often enough.



Anna Biller wrote the harp song which intros this scene. the movie establishes interiors through expansive cinematic landscapes, which is the defining feature of every great movie, as the pta board knows. in the scene, first of all great reactions Laura Waddell, honestly her performance impressed the hell out of me. she's straight faced and headed toward her own place. best acting of this degree since Boogie Nights, this is a feature length movie made in Boogie Nights. also first of all, this scene explains the movie's direction. this is the hero's quest, what Samantha is leaving her house for. for love. this quest i've seen before but i haven't seen it calibrated with this type of focus, as in i have not seen a movie ponder the psychosexual tapestries of male and female relationships through witchcraft mechanics.

it becomes an outrageous quest, of course. awesomely paganistic. it flatout embarrasses the male perspective a couple times, although it's a multi-dimensional movie, and sometimes its dimensions straight-up don't exist in any world. it's a serious fantasy movie with a rigid focus on the living dynamics of people looking for love between each other while being each other, and it brought fun into the art movie world, which is both rare and worth treasuring.
Title: Re: The Love Witch
Post by: wilder on April 10, 2017, 07:32:57 PM
Intermission #8
via Letterboxd

The Love Witch recently arrived on home release and a bunch of us at Letterboxd HQ have finally been able to ogle its stunning production design and marvel at the 21st-century gender politics juxtaposed against its classic-movie setting (just don't call it pastiche, homage or sexploitation (http://www.oxygen.com/blogs/dont-call-it-exploitation-anna-billers-sexy-films-are-classical-retro-romps)).

Shot on sumptuous 35mm and written, directed, edited and produced by Anna Biller (who also handled the film's soundtrack, production design and costume design), The Love Witch chronicles the exploits of Elaine, a modern-day witch who casts spells and potions to find love, with tragic results.

Intrigued by the film's wide-ranging reviews on Letterboxd, the questions that keep coming up on Biller's own design-obsessed Twitter account (https://twitter.com/missannabiller), and her open and generous interviews (http://www.avclub.com/article/director-anna-biller-radical-pleasures-and-subvers-252208) we've read elsewhere (http://www.indiewire.com/2016/11/the-love-witch-feminist-movie-anna-biller-1201747671/), we sent some questions of our own.

We also asked Biller to create a list of Bluebeard movies (https://letterboxd.com/crew/list/bluebeard-movies-an-anna-biller-selection/) in anticipation of her next feature, which will be a version of the tragic fairy tale.

Warning: the interview contains plot spoilers, not just for The Love Witch, but also concerning the fatal endings of many other films that Anna loves.



What's a normal Anna Biller day, given that you write, direct, design all your costumes sets and props, and write your theme music? Basically, we imagine you must wake and eat film for breakfast. Please, tell us more!

I try to do only do one thing at a time. Right now I am in writing mode, so I'm at my computer most of the day. When I'm in sewing mode you'll find me sitting like the princess in Rumpelstiltskin with giant piles of fabric, trying to spin fabric into costumes. Nothing too glamorous.

When you're writing, do you begin with visions of perfect cinematic moments? Or do they come to you as you're constructing the story?

For some of my other films I started with visual images, but with The Love Witch the story came first. Occasionally I do come up with great cinematic moments which I incorporate into the script—for instance, I had these visual ideas about Trish putting on Elaine's wig and makeup, or of Elaine sitting at a gravesite wearing just bra and panties, or of Elaine and Griff as fairy tale prince and princess. Otherwise I'm just taking the script and using it as a blueprint for the design and mood, the same as any other designer would.

We thought the visual effects and the cinematography in The Love Witch were beautiful. More than beautiful, but we're still searching for the perfect word. Sumptuous. Can you tell us about collaborating with your cinematographer and visual effects artist? Did you have to bend them to your will to get what you wanted? Did you ever consider shooting it yourself?

I never considered shooting it myself. Cinematography is the biggest job on the set aside from directing and acting, and it's too much to take on. We didn't have a visual effects artist except for some scanning in post, as the effects were done in camera. But the collaboration with my cinematographer (M. David Mullen) was key in creating the look of the film. I wasn't interested in bending anyone to my will (which never works anyway), which is why I wanted so much to work with David. I'd worked with him before on a 16mm short in the same style, so I knew he was an expert in period lighting.

He and I watch and study classic movies voraciously, so we were on the same page. He'd already seen the movies I was referencing visually, and was familiar with the lighting and lensing techniques in them. The main difference between classic movies and movies shot today is that classic movies used hard lighting, which is tightly controlled and shaped with hard shadows. New movies use soft lighting almost exclusively. With hard lighting you are going to see a more dramatic image on screen, at least in terms of color and contrast.

Tell us about your creative process when you're preparing to direct. How do you communicate your vision to the cast and crew?

I've learned a lot since I started directed shorts years ago, and one thing I've realized is that the key to a successful production is finding the right people. So I'm very careful about casting and hiring key creative crew. In the past I've had major disasters getting the wrong people for key positions, so I interviewed many people until I found the right people. Once you have the right people, everything falls into place. So when I'm hiring a makeup artist, for example, I look at the person's experience and expertise, but I also look at their personality. The makeup artist is the last person to see the actor before they go on set, so they have to be fun and relaxing, with an upbeat attitude. They also have to not resent me, not fight me, to trust in my vision, but to have their own creative vision. They have to be an innovator but be able to take direction, and they have to have speed and stamina.

It's not as easy to find someone like that as you might think. In the first interview, usually people reveal their personality flaws quite quickly. They are whiny, controlling, disagreeable, argumentative, bossy, despondent, lazy, disrespectful, resentful, brittle, egotistical, thin-skinned, and so forth. So when you find a talented person with a great personality, you hold onto them.

It's the same with actors. How prepared were they in their audition? How much do they want the part? How respectful are they of the script and the production? An actor can be very talented, but if they are not committed to the project and they don't love the script, they can quit for a better part and leave you in the lurch. And they also have to be character types who have the personal integrity to never do something like that.

Once I get the right people, I'm like those generals who guide the army, but let the subordinate leaders (in my case, key department heads) make their own decisions. In war it's called auftragstaktik. The subordinate leaders are aware of the mission, but they make their own decisions. So on an ideal set of mine, I hardly say anything to anyone. Everyone is in their own mental space, concentrating, contributing creatively and quietly towards a unified vision, and we are all working harmoniously like a buzzing hive. I use the military metaphor because that's what a film set is like—it's like war.

Do you get the blues when shooting is over and the crew have gone home. If not, why not?

I used to get the blues when shooting was over, but I don't anymore, because there is always so much work to do when shooting is over!

Can you tell us about the switch from writer to director to editor? What's it like being alone in the edit suite with the emotional aftermath of the shoot?

Writing was painful on The Love Witch because I was teaching myself to write a more conventional screenplay, and the technique of doing that was surprisingly complicated. Then came a period of designing, finding locations, and crafting that went on way too long, since I didn't have the financial support to hire people to help. That is always the longest and most complicated part of the process—the design. Part of that is also doing the storyboards. Then it's casting and hiring people, then being on set.

On The Love Witch being on set wasn't too challenging, since everything had been worked out ahead of time. It makes for a much longer pre-production phase, but a much smoother shoot. It was only difficult when I had to manage crowd scenes, since the A.D. seemed to disappear whenever I needed him, so I ended up running around physically gathering people for rehearsals, blocking crowds, and trying to shout to be heard without a megaphone, all of which felt quite stressful and chaotic. In fact, the entire production team sort of disappeared once we started shooting, so David (the cinematographer) and I felt like orphans managing a set on our own, which is not ideal. I chalk this up to having hired the wrong people for the auftragstaktik, so that the machine couldn't run properly.

Editing is my favorite part of the process. It's when I can be alone with my images and play. Since I am quite a voyeur, having this time alone to gaze at my actors and the worlds I've created for them is intensely pleasurable. And because of how much I am in thrall to these images, I don't mind the endless hours of editing. They just seem to fly by.

What are your favorite or most personally inspiring love stories on film? And what film love stories have you hated!

I love Duel in the Sun. So sexy and outrageous. Tragic too—they kill each other in the end, but it's a shoot-out, and she is so intense and so beautiful, playing a half-breed in brown make-up. Wuthering Heights is also a heartbreaker—Cathy, played by Merle Oberon, dies because of her refusal to admit to her brutal love for the earthy stable boy played by Laurence Olivier. (Actually Buñuel's version is even better than the Hollywood version). I love Notorious—how Ingrid Bergman is willing to throw her life away in marriage to Nazi Claude Rains because she thinks, erroneously, that Cary Grant has rejected her. And Gone With the Wind, where Vivienne Leigh is unaware of which man she truly loves, and goes through countless adventures to discover it.

I also love Forever Amber, in which the beautiful Linda Darnell has to marry the king but is in love with Cornell Wilde. The Umbrellas of Cherbourg is a great love story, about people who are too young to shoulder the responsibilities of love so they lose it tragically, but the film that shares an ending with it, La La Land, is not a great love story. That's a film where the characters can't even muster up the energy to stay together. And when they meet again, they can't get up the energy to give up other things in their lives for one another. So it's not a real love story. In real love stories, people die for love, kill for love, and if love is unrequited they go mad (like in The Love Witch).

The Love Witch made us feel despairing and elated about the possibilities of heterosexual love. You've also been described as having a 'playfully violent female gaze'. Can you tell us about your approach to wielding the power of cinema to dissect relationships between men and women?

I'm mainly just trying to describe banal things that happen between men and women, albeit in a somewhat gothic setting. But I think the way cinema wields power is that people can become very engaged with it emotionally. So if you are telling personal stories from a woman's point of view, that can be a powerful way of bringing out hidden emotions in women about similar experiences, or a way for men to experience a little bit emotionally what it's like to be a woman. The power relations in my movies are very front and center, and this elicits a lot of emotions from people, both positive and negative.

We were somewhat heartbroken when Elaine seduced Trish's husband, as Elaine and Trish had a wonderfully awkward intimacy: the way they negotiated their way into a conversation; the way Trish initially overcame their beauty power imbalance with her practical views. Can you tell us about that decision and what their relationship meant to you?

I always knew that Elaine would try to destroy Trish. Trish and Elaine were destined to never be real friends because of Elaine's toxic narcissism. You would think that Trish would be jealous of Elaine because of her beauty and power over men, but actually it was the other way around; Elaine was jealous of Trish. And so Elaine tried to steal Trish's husband to have what Trish had, but in doing so destroyed him. But that was always in Elaine's character. I don't feel that Trish lost anything of value in losing Elaine as a friend. Elaine is a fascinating character, but not someone you want around your husband or boyfriend!

When people think of auteurs, they don't necessarily think of a person dealing with the pressure of directing while also performing other key creative roles on set like production designer. How do you combine working with the actors and crew as the director with that?

Production design and costume design are extremely time-consuming, but most of that work is done before shooting begins. It only becomes difficult when certain things can't be done ahead of time. So for instance, props and furniture can't be tagged too far ahead of time, so after the first two weeks of shooting, I'm using any days off from the set to run around tagging props and furniture, hoping that the things I've decided to use are there and not checked out, that sort of thing. And I'm also very busy on prep days, decorating the set. I don't get any days off, when the rest of the crew does. And sometimes I'm busy going through boxes of candles or vases when I should be by the camera, directing.

Watching The Love Witch, we felt like we were experiencing a new cinematic language, something bigger and stronger than the list of influences that has been discussed elsewhere. Can you tell us about that?

My approach is very classical. I study classic screenplays, classic lighting, acting, design, and I'm very serious about my craft. I try to put all of that together with a personal story that's also mythic and archetypal. I also am interested in creating aesthetic arrest and glamour on the screen. Classic movies often had these same concerns, and these are my favorite movies. If it seems new, perhaps that's because it is being made today and not fifty or sixty years ago, and consciously from a female point of view.

You've said you heavily researched witchcraft to create The Love Witch. Can you tell us about your favorite witches on screen?

My favorites are Kim Novak in Bell, Book and Candle, Veronica Lake in I Married a Witch, and Rosanna Schiaffino in La Strega in Amore.

The exceptional beauty of Elaine is one of the strong notes in the film. We could hardly look away from her. It felt like she invited us in though, rather than pushing the viewer away. We could project ourselves on her, and live vicariously through her. Can you tell us about how you wanted women to react to her? And men too?

I myself fell in love with Samantha's image and found it very arresting, especially when she was in costume and makeup, and I was hoping that female viewers would feel the same way I did. It's very gratifying to find that her image worked the same way with many female viewers as it did on me! I am constantly being asked about her makeup for instance, girls wanting to imitate her style and special brand of glamour and hoping some of her power rubs off on them. And I also expected for women to identify with her emotionally, which is also happening.

I expected men to be aroused by her, and that's happening too, although I did expect for them to perhaps have a little more feeling for her as a human being, which sadly is quite rare, but does happen sometimes. One male fan on Twitter recently wrote that at the end of the film, when Elaine is riding away on her unicorn, he sobbed aloud, "Love me!". That was really great to hear, and quite touching.

Was it a battle to shoot on film?

Post was a bit difficult because there is not the support there used to be with negative cutting and printing from an original negative, but I had a skilled camera crew, so it was not a problem on set. I love the way shooting on film makes everyone on set concentrate so deeply. It's like a church. And actors usually nail it on the first take, because they are aware of the cost of shooting multiple takes.

Do feminists shoot on film?

I don't know if the medium one chooses has anything to do with politics.

Do you have somebody you think of as a mentor?

Not really. I've had a few good teachers, but no one I'm still in conversation with. I use the great filmmakers as my mentors.

It's impossible to watch The Love Witch without thinking of Rosemary's Baby. Other than the satanic rituals, it also brought to mind the collaboration between Roman Polanski and Mia Farrow. Can you tell us a bit about how you built your creative relationship with your lead actress?

Rosemary's Baby was indeed a big inspiration for The Love Witch. As for my relationship with Samantha, we just rolled up our sleeves and got to work. It was mostly about breaking down the script, creating the character arc, things like that. We got along really well and worked very fluidly together, so I was very rewarding for both of us. It felt like we were truly creating the character together, and we had a lot of fun doing so.

Do you think you approach actor relationships in a unique way, or if there are differences in the way women direct women?

I think there was a level of trust between Samantha and me that would not have been there if I was a man. I just intuitively sensed that, so in all of our rehearsals it was just the two of us. Some actresses feel more comfortable with a man present, and with those actresses I make sure a man is there validating their performance in rehearsals. I just go with the actor and what they need. Maybe that's a female way of directing? I don't know.

The wonderful scene with the tampon in the urine brought to mind Catherine Breillat's Anatomy of Hell, and her history of bringing complex femmes fatale to the screen. Do you have particular women directors and artists who you are inspired or influenced by?

Well, Breillat certainly has been an inspiration for me. I learned from her that there's a way to shoot explicit scenes without having them be pornographic, and that having theoretical text over sex scenes kills men's desire. I specifically tested this in my burlesque scene, where a gorgeous dancer strips down to pasties to the droning of witches spouting gender theory, and I found that this is true. I also have been inspired by Chantal Akerman, Dorothy Arzner, Bette Gordon, Ida Lupino, and Lizzy Borden, among others. And I love Joan Crawford.

We saw elsewhere that you mention having seen Salò. When we watched The Love Witch we also found ourselves thinking of particular books; of Justine, Venus in Furs, and Torture Garden, but also fairy tales like Cinderella and The Snow Queen. Can you tell us about your inspirations or influences that aren't films? Books, plays, paintings, fashion and the like?

When I was a child I read a lot of fairy tales. I think all of my films are fairy tales on some level. I was also an avid Shakespeare fan, and I loved symbolist poetry and theater, and nineteenth-century novels. These were my earliest loves, and I think it's all there in my films. I grew up also looking at a lot of painting. My favorites were the fauves, the German expressionists, and the medieval painters. Because of this, my set sketches have that weird Matisse perspective, and I can't seem to get out of that, although it's not that helpful to my carpenters! As an adult I read a lot of psychology and theory. But the biggest influences on my movies are other movies. I love movies about the theater. Someday I want to make a movie set in the theater world, perhaps a musical.

Recently you tweeted a paragraph on "the last thing I'll say about The Love Witch" (https://twitter.com/missannabiller/status/841083030294867968/photo/1). At the risk of asking you to break this vow, we'd love to hear your perspective on critics, their hot takes on your film, and your desire to make sure you are heard when they ascribe meaning to your films that you did not intend. It feels like you're laying crumbs for other women filmmakers to follow away from the trolls?

I really do hope that I am laying crumbs for other women to follow. That would be great! I think that I am in a unique position as a female filmmaker who is specifically challenging the idea that the male is the only spectator in the cinema, or the only creator of meaning. So it's sort of a social experiment; first of all, making a film which is designed to elicit different views along gender lines, and then pointing out all of the misunderstandings and judgments that come from this experiment.

You've told us your next film will be a Bluebeard story (and made this list for us of classic Bluebeard films (https://letterboxd.com/crew/list/bluebeard-movies-an-anna-biller-selection/)). What was your first experience of a Bluebeard tale, and why are you going there yourself?

I really don't remember my first experience of a Bluebeard tale. It was probably the fairy tale itself, since I read so many fairy tales as a child. But there are Bluebeard tales all over culture. Every slasher movie is a Bluebeard tale, almost every horror movie, and certainly every story about domestic violence. I remember as a child watching a lot of movies where men kill women, and being frightened of them. I decided to make a Bluebeard movie because I realized that a lot of my favorite movies are Bluebeard movies, and I think these types of stories have a special appeal to women.

Ex Machina—especially the chamber of horrors scene towards the end—brings the Bluebeard story to mind. We have regular arguments at HQ about whether that film is feminist or misogynist. If you saw the film, what did you think, and did it make your list?

I have to confess, I haven't seen that movie (although now I am curious). So it didn't make my list, but it wouldn't anyway, since my list only includes classic movies (the newest movie on it is from 1974).

What film first gave you a "teenage feeling"?

Probably Romeo and Juliet (1968) or Gold Diggers of 1933.

Can you reveal to us some of your screen heartthrobs through the ages?

Gregory Peck, Joel McCrea, Brian Aherne, Leslie Howard, Michael Wilding, Tony Curtis, Richard Basehart, Rod Taylor, James Stewart, Alain Delon, Charles Boyer, and Dirk Bogarde, to name a few.